Design of hollow nanostructured photocatalysts for clean energy production

Recent advances in CdS heterojunctions: morphology, synthesis, performances and prospects

“…In the 3D structure, the hollow sphere structure [138][139][140] has been widely studied because of its outstanding advantages, including: (1) the internal hollow structure can generate light reection and scattering, thus promoting the absorption and utilization of light by the photocatalyst; (2) the hollow sphere structure has a thin shell, which is good for shortening the transfer distance of carriers participating in the photocatalytic reaction, thus reducing the recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs; (3) its huge specic surface area can ensure full contact between the catalyst and the reaction substrate. Deng et al obtained H-CdS@NiCoP hollow spherical nano-heterojunction with a size of about 700 nm.…”

Constructing hollow core–shell Z-scheme heterojunction CdS@CoTiO3 nanorods for enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DCP and TC

“…14,15 This is mainly because hierarchical hollow structures possess multiple intrinsic advantages, including improved light absorption, expedited photoinduced carrier separation and migration, and enhanced surface redox reactions. [16][17][18][19][20] So far, numerous nanomaterials with hierarchical hollow configurations have been developed as photocatalysts to catalyze CO 2 conversion, 21 water splitting reactions, 22 and the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. 23 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts can further accelerate the separation and direct transfer of light-induced electron-hole pairs to promote the redox reactions.…”

Hollow Rh-COF@COF S-Scheme Heterojunction for Photocatalytic Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration

“…Apart from the charge carrier separation, the light harvesting and electron utilization also have important effects on the performance of photocatalytic nicotinamide cofactor regeneration. Photocatalysts with hollow structures can trap more incident photons through multiple scattering, thus enhancing light harvesting. − Typically, cocatalysts (especially [Cp*Rh­(bpy)­H 2 O] 2+ , abbreviated as M ) were added to intensify the electron utilization . However, Rh-based cocatalysts are usually free in photocatalytic nicotinamide cofactor regeneration systems, leading to longer electron transfer and lower contact probability between the photocatalyst surfaces. , The integration of M into the photocatalyst is an effective method to solve this problem. ,− The chemical structures of COFs with programmable modules can easily introduce the bipyridine group to immobilize M , and a properly designed COF-Rh structure can obtain good photocatalytic activity. , Therefore, the preparation of COF-Rh into hollow structures and S-scheme heterojunctions by coupling COF to COF is expected to yield higher efficiency of photocatalytic cofactor regeneration.…”