Design of high-power ISOL targets for radioactive ion beam generation

Fabrication of mesoporous and high specific surface area lanthanum carbide–carbon nanotube composites

“…This choice was prompted by previous studies on release efficiency of UC x target materials [5,9,10]. La 2 O 3 and graphite (mesh size À325) powders were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received.…”

“…In order to extract the highest possible number of isotopes, it is necessary to optimize parameters such as the target limiting temperature [5], its composition, microstructure, and permeability.…”

“…The best candidate material possessing a good balance between all the above requirements has been demonstrated to be UC x (that is, UC 2 dispersed in an excess of graphite) [5,9,10], typically obtained by carbothermal reduction of an appropriate oxide precursor or by the direct reaction between the metal and carbon. However, because of the difficulties related to safely handling the radioactive materials obtained with uranium, lanthanum have been proposed as substitute material for preliminary studies and investigations [7,11].…”

Lanthanum carbide-based porous materials from carburization of lanthanum oxide and lanthanum oxalate mixtures

“…Among the possible choices for the materials constituting the target, low density, carbon dispersed metal carbides (MC x ) are quite promising. In particular, uranium and thorium dicarbides (UC 2 and ThC 2 ), that show very high-limiting temperature values (2100°C and 2650°C, for U-and Th-carbide, respectively [5]), seem to be the ideal candidates [5][6][7]. They can be produced in situ by reaction of a precursor (metal or metal oxide powder) with carbon (graphite powder or other carbon precursors forming a low density foam) according to Eqs.…”

CFD analysis and optimization of a liquid lead–bismuth loop target for ISOL facilities

“…Different concepts for high-power targets have been proposed and studied in the framework of the preparation for the newgeneration RIB facilities. Based on radiative heat transfer studies, Zhang and Alton [4] have proposed porous and fibrous composite targets, that are expected to operate with deposited beam powers of up to 40 kW. Besides, upon testing with both resistive and electron-beam heating, the TRIUMF-ISAC high-power target equipped with a finned container was shown to be capable of dissipating more than 25 kW when operated at 2200 1C [5].…”