Design of GRIN optical components for coupling and interconnects

Gómez-Reino, Carlos; Pérez, Marı́a Victoria; Bao, Carmen; Flores-Arias, M. T.

doi:10.1002/lpor.200810002

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Among them is the wide and rapidly growing field where the "mechanical properties" of light are exploited, for example, in the manipulation of particles by optical tweezers and optical traps [109,110] or in the context of the orbital angular momentum [111,112]. With regards to the aspect of optical fabrication and technology, an area too big to be included here is the field of gradient-index optics and its applications [113][114][115]. The interested reader is referred to the literature for also finding out about those areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐ and nanooptics – an overview

Jahns¹,

Cao

Sinzinger

2008

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Since the 1960s the minimum feature size of lithographic fabrication has shrunk from tens of micrometers to now a few nanometers, i.e. by one order of magnitude per decade. With the adaptation of lithographic techniques to the fabrication of optical elements, first micro-and more recently nanostructured optics was shown to be both feasible and useful. However, the incredibly shrinking feature size down to the scale of the optical wavelength and below does not only represent a quantitative measure, but it stands for qualitatively different optical phenomena that occur in the subwavelength regime. In that regard, micro-and nanooptics are two different worlds. Their common feature, however, is the succession of steps: computer-based design, modeling and simulation, fabrication and technology, characterization and application. We review recent progress in micro-and nanooptics by describing the state-of-the art and by emphasizing specific areas of interest.A photon sieve is a novel diffractive element which consists of many pinholes suitably arranged according to the ring pattern of a Fresnel zone plate (also shown here for instructive purposes). Position, size and density of the pinholes can be used as design parameters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐ and nanooptics – an overview

Jahns¹,

Cao

Sinzinger

2008

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…Here the BOR‐FDTD method is employed to explore how the gradient parameter can affect the imaging properties of a GRIN lens with a radial parabolic index profile. The dielectric constant profile of such BOR GRIN lenses is described as follows [ Flores‐Arias et al ., ; Gomez‐Reino et al ., ]:

ε_{normalBOR} = n^{2} (ρ) = n_{0}^{2} [1 - α^{2} \cdot ρ^{2}]

where n ( ρ ) is the refractive index of the GRIN material at given transverse position ρ , n 0 is the highest refractive index at the center axis of the GRIN material, and α is the gradient parameter.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigorous analysis of axisymmetric transformation optics lenses embedded in layered media illuminated by obliquely incident plane waves

Wang

Turpin

et al. 2013

Radio Science

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[1] A body of revolution, finite-difference time-domain (BOR-FDTD) method is developed for rigorous analysis of axisymmetric transformation optics (TO) lens devices. For normal incidence, a one dimensional (1-D) FDTD method based on the total-field scattered-field (TFSF) technique was proposed to model the propagation of a plane wave launched from the top of a layered medium in cylindrical coordinates. The 1-D FDTD solutions were employed to efficiently inject normally incident plane waves into the BOR-FDTD method. For oblique incidence, analytical formulations were derived and presented by expanding the plane wave into a series of cylindrical modes via Fourier series expansion of the f-dependent variables, which were then used to introduce obliquely incident plane waves into the TFSF formulas associated with the BOR-FDTD method. These procedures allowed for accurate simulations of BOR TO lenses embedded in layered media illuminated by obliquely incident waves. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method were verified by comparing numerical results with either analytical solutions or a commercial software (COMSOL) package. Thereafter, the developed BOR-FDTD code was utilized to study the imaging properties of (a) radial gradient-index (GRIN) lenses with a parabolic index profile, (b) a flat TO GRIN lens, (c) a spherical Luneburg lens, and (d) a cylindrical TO Luneburg lens both in free space and on top of a substrate. Here the TO GRIN lenses were designed by using the quasi-conformal transformation optics (QCTO) technique. It was found that the flat TO lens was able to provide identical focusing properties as a cemented doublet in both free space and over a dielectric substrate. Moreover, the numerical results demonstrated that the flattened TO Luneburg lens possessed the desired imaging properties under different illuminations for both polarizations.Citation: Wang, X., Q. Wu, J. P. Turpin, and D. H. Werner (2013), Rigorous analysis of axisymmetric transformation optics lenses embedded in layered media illuminated by obliquely incident plane waves, Radio Sci., 48, 232-247,

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“…The nanostructuring technology offers a means of developing monolithically integrated arrays of micro-optical elements with arbitrary refractive index distributions allowing the fabrication of elliptical, aspheric, multifocal and axicon lenses with very high f-numbers [4][5][6]. The standard technology for GRIN optics, based on ion exchange, is capable of producing only rotationally symmetric refractive index distributions with a limited degree of refractive index contrast [7,8]. The proposed nanostructured GRIN lenses are more compact than any currently offered solution.…”

Section: Figure 2 Viscosity and Drawing Temperature Matching For Lowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured gradient index microoptics

Buczyński

Filipkowski

Piechal

et al. 2015

2015 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

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Nanostructured gradient index (nGRIN) elements are a new class of planar-surface micro-optical components which transform optical wavefront by discrete, subwavelength changes in the refractive index perpendicular to the optical axis. We have developed a series of various nanostructured micro-optical components with various functionalities using modified stack-and -draw method. All nanostructured components are developed with two types of thermally matched soft glasses with refractive index difference of 0.04 -0.1. In this paper we present experimental and modelling results for various type of microcomponets, including spherical, elliptical and axicon lenses.

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Design of GRIN optical components for coupling and interconnects

Cited by 50 publications

References 63 publications

Micro‐ and nanooptics – an overview

Micro‐ and nanooptics – an overview

Rigorous analysis of axisymmetric transformation optics lenses embedded in layered media illuminated by obliquely incident plane waves

Nanostructured gradient index microoptics

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