Design of Gravel‐Sand Filter for Arsenic Removal: A Case Study of Muzaffargarh District in Pakistan

Abbas, Y.; Majeed, Saadat; Ali, Shafqat; Ahmad, Hafiz Badaruddin; Akhtar, Naeem; Yokota, Hiroshi

doi:10.2175/106143017x15131012188240

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…An As removal technique called Gravel Sand Filter (GSF) is being utilized in Kyaunggon Township, Ayeyarwady region, which is located in one of the most intensely contaminated regions (Phyu et al, 2020). The GSF technology for removing As at the household level is inexpensive, efficient, and suitable for long-term use in developing countries (Abbas et al, 2018). Alternatively, absorption and BTU (Bucket Treatment Unit) are the most appropriate, acceptable, and sustainable methods for countries, such as Myanmar, which are limited in terms of technology, political, and financial situations.…”

Section: Remediation and Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater contamination by arsenic in Myanmar and their sustainability: a review

Khant,

Kim,

Moon

et al. 2024

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Arsenic (As) contamination in the groundwater is a global issue, and its adverse effects on human life and the environment have been widely described, especially in Asian countries. Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country, with an annual groundwater resource potential of 495 km 3 . A higher amount of As contamination (> 50 µm) has been reported in the Ayeyarwady region. Together with As, other toxic metals and substances, such as F, Fe, Mn, and saline water intrusions have been observed to contaminate groundwater in Myanmar. Evidence and verification of health-related assessment problems still need to be carried out. The most widely used As-removal technique in Myanmar is the gravel-sand filter method. Many drinking water tube wells and dug wells in Myanmar have been tested for As contamination, but As-removal methods need improvement. No law for the regulation and management of groundwater resources has yet been implemented in the country; thus, the groundwater abstraction process is disorganized. Here, we review the assessment of the As contamination process in Myanmar, their source, and their sustainability. A protection, security, and management of groundwater in Myanmar can be sustainably improved by increasing awareness with the help of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international sources.

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Section: Remediation and Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater contamination by arsenic in Myanmar and their sustainability: a review

Khant,

Kim,

Moon

et al. 2024

Episodes

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“…Realistically, it is now recognized that at least 140 million people in more than 50 countries have been exposed to water containing As. Particularly affected are countries such as Bangladesh, India, China, and Iran (Abbas et al, 2018; Shafiquzzaman et al, 2023; Shaji et al, 2021) where human exposure to As compounds occurs through drinking contaminated water (Biswas et al, 2023), consuming contaminated food (Y. Guo et al, 2023), engaging in industrial processes, participating in agricultural activities, smoking cigarettes, and experiencing carcinogenic events resulting from this exposure (Chaudhary et al, 2021). Thus, exposure to As‐contaminated water has occurred, for example, through ingestion or consumption as drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic removal adsorbent using limonite–polyethersulfone composite fiber via continuous flow column process

Le Thi,

Zhe,

Kobayashi

2024

Water Environment Research

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This research introduces an enhanced limonite‐based composite fiber adsorbent for arsenic (As) removal. The modification involves creating polyethersulfone (PES)–limonite composite fibers loaded with 60 wt% limonite powders, designed to be applicable in water flow environments. The fibers were prepared using a wet‐spinning process based on phase inversion, with varying concentrations (10, 20, and 30 wt%) of PES in NMP solution. The composite fiber with 10 wt% NMP exhibited a porous structure and demonstrated efficient absorption of both As(III) and As(V). Adsorption followed the Langmuir model, with qm values of 1.5 mg/g for As(III) and 3.2 mg/g for As(V) at pH 6. In column experiments, As removal rates increased with contact time, attributed to decreased flow rates (1 mL/min). Moreover, increasing fiber column height led to enhanced removal rates, as indicated by the Adams–Bohart model. The mechanism for As(V) removal involved the formation of an inner‐sphere complex through ion exchange between α‐FeOOH and HAsO4− and H2AsO42− in an aqueous solution at pH 6.8.Practitioner Points Changing the polyethersulfone ratio in the composite leads to variations in the appearance of limonite within each composite fiber. Limonite composite fibers effectively remove As(III) and As(V) at neutral pH. The adsorption behavior follows Langmuir kinetic model, the qm of 1.5 mg/g for As(III) and 3.2 mg/g for As(V). Longer columns and contact times enhance arsenic (As) removal in practical water treatment systems. Adam–Bohart model aids in predicting breakthrough and saturation time in As adsorption column design.

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“…In Bangladesh, arsenic contamination of tube well waters, which serves as the primary source of drinking water, has long been recognized as a serious public health issue [24,25]. For example, in the Punjab province of Pakistan over 20% of the total population are exposed to As pollution and there are many areas, i.e., Muzaffargarh [26], Rahim Yar Khan [27,28], Vehari [29], Mailsi [30], Bahawalpur [31], Lahore and adjacent areas [32] and Multan [33] in both the lower and upper Punjab, where As is much higher than the recommended WHO value [34]. Since the extent of this As-contamination issue is likely to extend well beyond the boundaries of the Punjab, there is an urgent need to analyze As concentrations in adjacent areas and assess the consequential possible human health risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Associated Human Health Risk

et al. 2022

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Drinking water contamination by arsenic (As) is of significant concern due to its potential cause of cancer and arsenicosis. In this study, out of the 200 samples (n = 200), the mean As concentrations ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 3.30, 4.81, 4.42 and 3.85 µg L−1 in small residential, roadside, industrial and household areas, respectively. From 200 total samples, 9% of the groundwater samples showed As levels higher than the WHO safe guideline limit of 10 μg L−1. Human health risk was assessed using average daily intake (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR) values which were found to be greater than the recommended values by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (1.0 and 10−6) for health risk assessment. The CR were ranged from 0–5.7 × 10−1, 4.0 × 10−1, 2.0 × 10−1 and 1.0 × 10−1 in small residential areas for children, adolescents, males and females, respectively. In roadside areas, the values ranged from 0–2.8 × 10−1, 4.0 × 10−1, 2.0 × 10−1 and 2.8 × 10−1 for children, adolescents, males and females, while 0–5.9 × 10−1, 4.1 × 10−1, 2.1 × 10−1 and 1.6 × 10−1 in industrial areas and 0–8.0 × 10−1, 2.91 × 10−1, 2.6 × 10−1 and 3.9 × 10−1 were calculated in household sites. All the CR values were found to be exceeding the US-EPA limit (10−6) recommending that the people in the study area are more prone to carcinogenic risk. Overall, it was concluded that due to presence of As in drinking water, these areas tend to be at higher cancer risks. To provide safe drinking water for the people living in these As-affected areas, urgent remedial and management steps are required.

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Design of Gravel‐Sand Filter for Arsenic Removal: A Case Study of Muzaffargarh District in Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Groundwater contamination by arsenic in Myanmar and their sustainability: a review

Groundwater contamination by arsenic in Myanmar and their sustainability: a review

Arsenic removal adsorbent using limonite–polyethersulfone composite fiber via continuous flow column process

Assessment of Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Associated Human Health Risk

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