Design of electrodes based on a carbon nanofiber nonwoven material for the membrane electrode assembly of a polybenzimidazole-membrane fuel cell

Пономарев, И. И.; Filatov, I. Yu.; Filatov, Yu. N.; Razorenov, D. Yu.; Volkova, Yu. A.; Жигалина, О. М.; Zhigalina, V. G.; Гребенев, В. В.; Киселев, Н.А.

doi:10.1134/s0012501613020036

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Commercial anodes Celtec ® P1000 (PEMEAS) were used as standard anodes in fuel cells. All cathodes were prepared by two‐step heat treatment under conditions which are used for PAN nanofibers …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using the method of electrospinning of PAN solution, earlier we have shown that polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were electrospun in a form of one non‐woven polymer nanofiber mat. After thermal oxidation (stabilization) at 250–280 °C and pyrolysis (carbonization) at 900–1200 °C, carbon nanofibers (CNF) were obtained in a form of a carbon nanofiber paper (CNFP) . The CNFP was suitable for Pt deposition and the obtained nanocomposite materials were effectively used as gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) which possess macro‐ and microporosity, as anodes and cathodes, for HT‐PEMFC on PBI‐O‐Pht (PBI‐type polymer) membrane, also developed by our group .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanofiber Paper Electrodes Based on Heterocyclic Polymers for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Skupov

Пономарев

Razorenov

et al. 2017

Macromolecular Symposia

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Different polyheteroarylenes, such as m‐polybenzimidazole, polyphenylene oxide, polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1) and poly(N‐phenylene‐benzimidazole) were electrospun to obtain self‐supporting polymer nanofiber mats. The mats after heat treatment, which contains stabilization in air at 250–350 °C and pyrolysis at 900–1000 °C under vacuum, convert into carbon nanofiber paper, a material which is suitable for Pt nanoparticle deposition. The possibility of usage of the obtained carbonized nanocomposites as entire gas diffusion electrodes for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is shown.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanofiber Paper Electrodes Based on Heterocyclic Polymers for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Skupov

Пономарев

Razorenov

et al. 2017

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…One of the most promising methods for spinning nanofibers is electrospinning [6], which has the advantages of the ability to prepare fibrous materials with fibers from 100 nm to 10 μm, a simple spinning apparatus, the ease of regulating the processing parameters, high throughput, and, as a result, a low cost of goods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagram of apparatus for producing PAN fibers by electrospinning: grounded metal disk collector electrode (1), thin-walled metal capillary of internal diameter 0.5 mm (2), high-voltage source (Spellman SL10) (3), DSh08 pump with syringe filled with polymer solution (4), ultrasonic aerosol generator (5), water aerosol(6).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rheological Features of Fiber Spinning from Polyacrylonitrile Solutions in an Electric Field. Structure and Properties

et al. 2014

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Spatially ordered fibers of diameter 260-990 nm were produced by electrospinning from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions. The influence of the rheological properties of solutions of PAN and its copolymers was investigated over a broad range of molecular weights during fiber spinning in an electric field. The structural and tensile properties of the fibers were studied.Carbon nanofibers represent one of the most vigorously developing markets according to marketing studies [1]. The unique electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon nanofibers have been broadly utilized in electronics, especially to create a new generation of lithium-ion batteries; in catalysis; in composite design, and in medicine [2]. The higher strength parameters of carbon nanofibers than micron-sized fibers can be explained by the structural heterogeneity of fibers with different diameters [3]; the higher catalytic efficiency, by the increased surface area/volume ratio of the fiber, e.g., during selective oxidation of H 2 S by molecular O 2 into S during purification of hydrocarbon feedstock from S-containing compounds [4].Traditional spinning methods enable chemical fibers of diameter 5-500 μm to be obtained from polymer solutions [5]. One of the most promising methods for spinning nanofibers is electrospinning [6], which has the advantages of the ability to prepare fibrous materials with fibers from 100 nm to 10 μm, a simple spinning apparatus, the ease of regulating the processing parameters, high throughput, and, as a result, a low cost of goods.Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers are the most significant precursor for preparing high-strength and medium-modulus carbon fibers (CF). High-quality CF can only be produced from high-strength PAN fiber [7]. However, the issue of electrospinning fibers with the macromolecules highly oriented along the fiber axis has not yet been resolved.The goals of the present work were to identify electrorheological features of the behavior of PAN solutions over a broad range of molecular weights and to study the structural and strength properties of PAN fibers produced by electrospinning. We studied PAN and its copolymers that were obtained from the All-Russian Research Institute of Synthetic Fibers (RISF) and Karpov Research Institute of Physical Chemistry.PAN was synthesized by emulsion radiation polymerization and had weight-average molecular weight (MW) 700 kDa, polydispersion MW/MN = 2.8, and inherent viscosity in DMF at 25°C [η] = 5.8 dL/g. Copolymer AN-MA-IA (92% acrylonitrile, 5% methylmethacrylate, and 3% itaconic acid) had MW = 580 kDa, MW/MN = 3.3, and [η] = 3.8 dL/g. Copolymer AN-IC (97.5% acrylonitrile and 2.5% itaconic acid) had MW = 370 kDa and [η] = 3.4 dL/g.Test PAN samples were synthesized by suspension polymerization at RISF and had viscosity-average MW 90 and 240 kDa and inherent viscosity at 50°C in DMF [η] = 1.6 and 3.3 dL/g, respectively.

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Structural evolution of Pt/CNF nanocomposites as a part of fuel cell's gas‐diffusion electrodes

Zhigalina¹,

Жигалина²,

Пономарев³

et al. 2016

European Microscopy Congress 2016: Proceedings

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A search of new nanostructural materials (such as gas‐diffusion layers, electrodes, catalysts, membranes etc.) for a polybenzimidazole‐membrane fuel cell remains a crucial task nowadays. Reducing of noble metals content has become one of the most significant goals in development of fuel cells while a balanced union of electron and ion conductivity along with gas permeability and catalytic activity of electrodes serves as an essential condition of the hydrogen‐air fuel cell efficiency [1]. In this study carbon nanocomposites of nanofiber nonwoven mats, produced by electrospinning and decorated with Pt, after work inside membrane electrode assembly as gas‐diffusion cathode at 160‐180 °C were investigated by analytical TEM and STEM methods [2]. Initially a nanofiber surface is evenly covered with a thick layer of Pt nanoparticles of anisotropic elongated shape with a number of sub angstrom atomic steps on their surface ( Fig. 1a ). This type of defects plays an important part in platinum catalytic activity [2,3]. The investigations of such a nanocomposite after work as a gas‐diffusion cathode in a fuel cell revealed significant changes in the structure of the platinum layer. After several hours of work at a standard fuel cell working temperature (160 °C) the structure of metal nanoparticles changes slightly ( Fig. 1b ). Metal nanoparticles preserve their shape elongated in direction and specific distribution on fibers surface same as in initial nanocomposites. However, in this case platinum is covered with a thin amorphous layer. Some of the platinum nanocrystals demonstrate the signs of partial melting and a loss of initial acicular shape as well as the decrease of surface defects. After several days of work at standard and high fuel cell working temperature (160‐180 °C) the structure of catalyst changes considerably ( Fig. 1c ) and can be observed as melted conglomerates of unspecified shape and size of 40‐100 microns ( Fig. 2 ) with a cover of thin (5‐10 nm) amorphous layer.

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Design of electrodes based on a carbon nanofiber nonwoven material for the membrane electrode assembly of a polybenzimidazole-membrane fuel cell

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Carbon Nanofiber Paper Electrodes Based on Heterocyclic Polymers for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Carbon Nanofiber Paper Electrodes Based on Heterocyclic Polymers for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Rheological Features of Fiber Spinning from Polyacrylonitrile Solutions in an Electric Field. Structure and Properties

Structural evolution of Pt/CNF nanocomposites as a part of fuel cell's gas‐diffusion electrodes

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