Design of control systems for portable PEM fuel cells

Design and control of a PEMFC powered electric wheelchair

“…Woo and Benziger [14] improved system stability and performance by designing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to regulate the hydrogen flow rate. Vega-Leal et al [15] controlled the PEMFC current output by regulating the air flow rate and temperature, and optimized the net power by tuning the hydrogen flow rate. Wang et al [16e19] developed a multiinput multi-output (MIMO) system and designed robust controllers that could provide steady voltage and reduce hydrogen consumption by regulation of the oxygen and hydrogen flow rates.…”

The preparation of self-humidifying Nafion/various Pt-containing SiO2 composite membranes and their application in PEMFC

“…Also a surfeit of water produced in the cathode catalyst layer has to be removed to prevent cathode from flooding. Consequently, the removal of humidifier device from the PEMFC will result in serving water management issues [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Development of the novel control algorithm for the small proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack without external humidification

“…Recently, several studies on fuel cell power systems have been published [2][3][4][5][6] showing their potential as power sources for portable electronics. Urbani et al [2] designed, manufactured, and tested an air-breathing 10-cell PEFC (polymer electrolyte fuel cell) stack; they were able to operate a 12-W DVD player for 100 h without sensitive losses in performance.…”

“…The hydrogen closed loop achieved current density rates up to 550 mA/cm 2 and a fuel utilization coefficient greater than 0.99 after startup. Vega-Leal et al [5] focused on the physical implementation of the digital controller for the fuel cell stack. The proposed system includes three control loops assigned to the control of oxygen flow, hydrogen flow, and temperature.…”