DESIGN OF AN INDEX OF WATER QUALITY<sup>1</sup>

Dinius, Sara H.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb02959.x

Cited by 191 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…McClelland instead proposed the weighted geometric mean. Later researchers (Landwehr and Deininger 1976;Walski and Parker 1974;Bhargava 1983;Dinius 1987) have also employed a weighted geometric mean for aggregation. Dojlido et al 1994 used the harmonic mean to find the WQI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NSF WQI used logarithmic transforms to convert water quality variable results into subindex values. Dinius (1987), developed a index based on multiplicative aggregation having decreasing scale, with values expressed as a percentage of perfect water quality corresponding to 100 %. Similar work was carried out by Helmer andRescher 1959, Dalkey andHelmer 1963 by introducing changes to Delphi method (Dalkey 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of water quality index for River Sabarmati, Gujarat, India

2015

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An attempt has been made to develop water quality index (WQI), using six water quality parameters pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen and total coliform measured at three different stations along the Sabarmati river basin from the year 2005 to 2008. Rating scale is developed based on the tolerance limits of inland waters and health point of view. Weighted arithmetic water quality index method was used to find WQI along the stretch of the river basin. It was observed from this study that the impact of human activity and sewage disposal in the river was severe on most of the parameters. The station located in highly urban area showed the worst water quality followed by the station located in moderately urban area and lastly station located in a moderately rural area. It was observed that the main cause of deterioration in water quality was due to the high anthropogenic activities, illegal discharge of sewage and industrial effluent, lack of proper sanitation, unprotected river sites and urban runoff.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of water quality index for River Sabarmati, Gujarat, India

2015

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“…Uma forma de avaliar objetivamente essas variações é a combinação de parâmetros de diferentes dimensões, em índices que os reflitam conjuntamente em uma distribuição amostral no espaço e no tempo (TOLEDO e NICOLELLA, 2002). Trata-se dos índices de qualidade da água, IQAs, que vêm sendo largamente usados em monitoramento há algum tempo (DINIUS, 1987;CUDE, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Relações entre qualidade da água e uso do solo em Goiás: uma análise à escala da bacia hidrográfica

2008

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RESUMO -Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal investigar possíveis relações entre qualidade da água e uso do solo em bacias hidrográficas de abastecimento público em Goiás. Nesse sentido, foram compilados dados de 174 captações, operadas pelo Saneamento de Goiás entre janeiro/2002 e dezembro/2004. Médias anuais de seca e de cheia, de turbidez, cor aparente, pH, cloretos e índices de coliforme total e fecal foram relacionadas, por análise de componentes principais, em um índice de qualidade de água (IQA). Com base no mapa de cobertura e uso do solo de Goiás, à escala de 1:250.000, e um mosaico de imagens SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), foram delimitadas as bacias de 89 das captações, para as quais foi calculado um Índice Normalizado de Vegetação Remanescente (NRVI). Cor aparente, turbidez, pH, ICT e ICF estiveram aquém dos padrões legalmente requeridos em até 62,43% das captações analisadas, principalmente nos períodos de cheia, quando os piores valores de IQA são observados. Os resultados indicaram que o IQA utilizado é sensível às variações sazonais e responde ao aporte de sedimentos e matéria orgânica por escoamento superficial. Da mesma forma, esse índice se relaciona, ainda que de forma tênue, às variações regionais nos valores de NRVI. Assim, novos estudos, levando-se em conta outros parâmetros de qualidade da água (como nitrogênio e fósforo) e diferentes escalas da paisagem (ex. zona ripária), são necessários, com vistas a uma melhor determinação dessas relações.Palavras-chave: Uso do solo, qualidade da água e IQA. WATER QUALITY AND LAND USE RELATIONS IN GOIAS: A WATERSHED SCALE ANALYSIS ABSTRACT -The main goal of this paper was to investigate possible relations between water quality and land use in public water

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“…Application of this method often needs several rounds of questionnaires until convergence of experts' opinion is achieved (Brown et al 1970;SRDD 1976;Dunnette 1979;Dinius 1987;House 1989;Almeida et al 2012). In the first questionnaire, the respondents are asked to rate a set of parameters for possible inclusion in the WQI.…”

Section: Expert Judgementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of river water quality indices—a review

Sutadian

Muttil

Yilmaz

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

344

210

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The use of water quality indices (WQIs) as a tool to evaluate the status of water quality in rivers has been introduced since the 1960s. The WQI transforms selected water quality parameters into a dimensionless number so that changes in river water quality at any particular location and time could be presented in a simple and easily understandable manner. Although many WQIs have been developed, there is no worldwide accepted method for implementing the steps used for developing a WQI. Thus, there is a continuing interest to develop accurate WQIs that suit a local or regional area. This paper aims to provide significant contribution to the development of future river WQIs through a review of 30 existing WQIs based on the four steps needed to develop a WQI. These steps are the selection of parameters, the generation of sub-indices, the generation of parameter weights and the aggregation process to compute the final index value. From the 30 reviewed WQIs, 7 were identified as most important based on their wider use and they were discussed in detail. It was observed that a major factor that influences wider use of a WQI is the support provided by the government and authorities to implement a WQI as the main tool to evaluate the status of rivers. Since there is a lot of subjectivity and uncertainty involved in the steps for developing and applying a WQI, it is recommended that the opinion of local water quality experts is taken, especially in the first three steps (through techniques like Delphi method). It was also observed that uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was rarely undertaken to reduce uncertainty and hence such an analysis is recommended for future studies.

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DESIGN OF AN INDEX OF WATER QUALITY¹

Abstract: This paper describes the formulation of an Index of Water Quality to evaluate the level of pollution in fresh water. A

Cited by 191 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of water quality index for River Sabarmati, Gujarat, India

Evaluation of water quality index for River Sabarmati, Gujarat, India

Relações entre qualidade da água e uso do solo em Goiás: uma análise à escala da bacia hidrográfica

Development of river water quality indices—a review

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DESIGN OF AN INDEX OF WATER QUALITY1

Abstract: This paper describes the formulation of an Index of Water Quality to evaluate the level of pollution in fresh water. A

Cited by 191 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of water quality index for River Sabarmati, Gujarat, India

Evaluation of water quality index for River Sabarmati, Gujarat, India

Relações entre qualidade da água e uso do solo em Goiás: uma análise à escala da bacia hidrográfica

Development of river water quality indices—a review

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DESIGN OF AN INDEX OF WATER QUALITY¹