Design of an implantable antenna for biotelemetry applications

Loktongbam, Paikhomba; Pal, Debashish; Koley, Chaitali

doi:10.1007/s00542-019-04531-y

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Here, XL is the inductive reactance as shown in Equations (2) and (3). Then, the bandwidth (BW) at the specified VSWR is expressed by Equation (9):…”

Section: Bandwidthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has an inherent advantage of continuous patient health monitoring through wired and wireless communication. In the present situation, human wearable devices are widely used in the medical field for the purpose of health monitoring and diagnostics [2][3][4][5]. The remote monitoring module is able to track real time information of the physical condition as well as movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increase of Input Resistance of a Normal-Mode Helical Antenna (NMHA) in Human Body Application

Zainudin

Latef

Aridas

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In recent years, the development of healthcare monitoring devices requires high performance and compact in-body sensor antennas. A normal-mode helical antenna (NMHA) is one of the most suitable candidates that meets the criteria, especially with the ability to achieve high efficiency when the antenna structure is in self-resonant mode. It was reported that when the antenna was placed in a human body, the antenna efficiency was decreased due to the increase of its input resistance (R in ). However, the reason for R in increase was not clarified. In this paper, the increase of R in is ensured through experiments and the physical reasons are validated through electromagnetic simulations. In the simulation, the R in is calculated by placing the NMHA inside a human's stomach, skin and fat. The dependency of R in to conductivity (σ) is significant. Through current distribution calculation, it is verified that the reason of the increase in R in is due to the decrease of antenna current. The effects of R in to bandwidth (BW) and electrical field are also numerically clarified. Furthermore, by using the fabricated human body phantom, the measured R in and bandwidth are also obtained. From the good agreement between the measured and simulated results, the condition of R in increment is clarified.

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“…Here, XL is the inductive reactance as shown in Equations (2) and (3). Then, the bandwidth (BW) at the specified VSWR is expressed by Equation (9):…”

Section: Bandwidthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of Input Resistance of a Normal-Mode Helical Antenna (NMHA) in Human Body Application

Zainudin

Latef

Aridas

et al. 2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A typical implant antenna system is shown in Figure 1 , where the implanted transceiver positioned at various human organs interconnect with the external base station and is logged at a data station and can also be monitored by the respective medical personnel using a wireless interface [ 7 , 8 ]. An implanted antenna communication system contains three parts: antenna, modulator, and demodulator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implanted antenna communicates with the external source via uplink and downlink. The uplink connects the implant antenna to the external device while the external device communicates with the implant antenna via downlink [ 8 ]. Radio wave propagation through the heterogeneous lossy tissue inside the human body causes absorption of most of the antenna radiation [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Medical Implantable Antenna Technology and Imminent Research Challenges

Soliman

Chowdhury

Khandakar

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Implantable antennas are mandatory to transfer data from implants to the external world wirelessly. Smart implants can be used to monitor and diagnose the medical conditions of the patient. The dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and variability of organ structures of the human body absorb most of the antenna radiation. Consequently, implanting an antenna inside the human body is a very challenging task. The design of the antenna is required to fulfill several conditions, such as miniaturization of the antenna dimension, biocompatibility, the satisfaction of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and efficient radiation characteristics. The asymmetric hostile human body environment makes implant antenna technology even more challenging. This paper aims to summarize the recent implantable antenna technologies for medical applications and highlight the major research challenges. Also, it highlights the required technology and the frequency band, and the factors that can affect the radio frequency propagation through human body tissue. It includes a demonstration of a parametric literature investigation of the implantable antennas developed. Furthermore, fabrication and implantation methods of the antenna inside the human body are summarized elaborately. This extensive summary of the medical implantable antenna technology will help in understanding the prospects and challenges of this technology.

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“…These tissues have different dielectric properties which make it di cult for designing a biocompatible CP antenna to be utilized for the human body applications 6 . Many in-body CP antennas are designed for wireless communication at mid radio band ranges between (402-405 MHz) [7][8][9][10] and at ISM band ranges between (2.4-2.48 GHz) [11][12][13][14][15][16] . A compact sized broadband antenna for the implementations in biomedical implants operating at MICS band (403 MHz) was presented 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Broadband CPW-Fed Circularly Polarized Biomedical Implantable Antenna With Enhanced Axial Ratio Bandwidth

Ahmad

Manzoor

Naseer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Implantable antennas have a vital role in biomedical telemetry applications. Therefore, a compact low-profile circularly polarized biomedical implantable antenna operational in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.45 GHz is reported. The presented antenna is fed by a modified co-planar waveguide (CPW) technique to keep the size of the antenna compact. The radiating monopole consists of a slotted rectangular patch with one slot at an angle of 45 degree and truncated small patch on the left end of the CPW ground plane to make the antenna circularly polarized at the required frequency band. A flexible Roger Duroid RT5880 substrate (εr = 2.2, tanδ = 0.0009) with the standard thickness of 0.254 mm is used to achieve bending abilities. The complete volume of the designed antenna is 21 mm × 13.5 mm × 0.254 mm (0.25 × 0.16 × 0.003 ). The antenna covers the bandwidth from 2.35-2.55 GHz (200 MHz) in free space while from 1.63 GHz to 2.8 GHz (1.17 GHz) inside skin tissue. As the designed antenna is operational in skin tissue with larger bandwidth, the bending analysis along the (x & y)-axis is also analyzed through the simulation. A good agreement between the simulation and measurements of the bended antenna is observed. The measured -10dB impedance bandwidth and the 3dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth inside skin-mimicking gel are 47.7% and 53.8%, respectively at 2.45 GHz frequency band. Finally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) values are also analyzed through simulations, and it is 0.78 W/kg inside skin over 1 g of mass tissue. The proposed SAR values are less than the limit of the federal communication commission (FCC). This antenna is miniaturized and an ideal applicant for the biomedical implantable applications.

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Design of an implantable antenna for biotelemetry applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Increase of Input Resistance of a Normal-Mode Helical Antenna (NMHA) in Human Body Application

Increase of Input Resistance of a Normal-Mode Helical Antenna (NMHA) in Human Body Application

Review on Medical Implantable Antenna Technology and Imminent Research Challenges

A Flexible Broadband CPW-Fed Circularly Polarized Biomedical Implantable Antenna With Enhanced Axial Ratio Bandwidth

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