Design of an Efficient Tin Selenide-Based Ternary Nanocomposite Electrode for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Tryptophan, and Caffeine

Abstract

Electrochemical sensors play an essential role in the medical arena through assessing the drug quality and diagnosing diseases. The design of sensors relies on the electroactive properties of the material meticulously chosen to modify the electrode. Here in this work, a facile ternary SnSe/TiO 2 @GO electroactive nanocomposite was prepared using tin selenide (SnSe) in combination with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) embedded on graphene oxide (GO). The ternary nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman, FT-IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The ternary nanocomposite was then drop-coated on the GC electrode to form the SnSe/TiO 2 @ GO-GC electrode. Its electrochemical activity was demonstrated for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, tryptophan, and caffeine. The synergetic interaction of the components and their innate virtue showed enriched electrocatalytic activity such as a decrease in overpotential, enhancement in electron transfer, greater sensing ability and selectivity, wide linear range, and low detection limit toward the chosen analytes. Broad linear ranges of concentrations, 0.0089−410, 0.0136−87.66, and 0.0160−355 μM, with detection limits of 0.0030, 0.0053, and 0.0065 μM for paracetamol, tryptophan, and caffeine, respectively, were noticed. The electrode also displayed high selectivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. Importantly, the study was successful for detection and quantification of the above components in real samples of blood serum, pharmaceutical formulations, and beverages.

Electrochemical HPLC Determination of Piperazine Antihistamine Drugs Employing a Spark-Generated Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrode

“…Electrochemical detection represents a cost-effective solution in the analysis of electroactive compounds such as various biomarkers, neurotransmitters, , nucleic acids, antioxidants, saccharides, drugs, etc. As ECD probes only species that are electroactive at the applied potential, it often offers higher selectivity than spectrophotometric detection − and much lower running costs compared with MS. , Nevertheless, the determinations of low concentrations of analytes that require the use of high detection potentials are particularly challenging.…”

A new microconductometric sensor based on a PVC membrane including an o‐COSAN ion‐pair complex for the detection of caffeine

“…To decrease the detection limits, the modification of electrodes with different types of nanomaterials was carried out. Chalcogenides such as SnSe [20], MoS 2 [21] were used and the obtained detection limits were respectively 6.5 nM, and 51 nM. Several metallic oxides were used such as 3D ZnCo 2 O 4 [22], Gd 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 [23], ZnO [24], TiO 2 [25], the obtained detection limits were respectively 11.4 nM, 4.1 nM, 150 nM, 3.3 μM.…”