Design of all-optical graphene switches based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer employing optical Kerr effect

Armaghani, Sahar; Khani, Shiva; Danaie, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2019.106244

Cited by 55 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In these switches, a switching operation is triggered when the phase shift of the signal light changes from 0 to π. 31 The Brewster angle effect used in this study is as follows: when polarized light impinges upon the medium at the Brewster angle, a 90 deg phase shift is induced in the reflected light. This causes the optical switch to change from closed to open.…”

Section: Brewster Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical Kerr switches can instantaneously generate a phase shift in the signal light field by controlling light pulses. In these switches, a switching operation is triggered when the phase shift of the signal light changes from 0 to π 31 . The Brewster angle effect used in this study is as follows: when polarized light impinges upon the medium at the Brewster angle, a 90 deg phase shift is induced in the reflected light.…”

Section: Brewster Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical switch of low-insertion-loss based on the Brewster angle effect

Xiong

Zhu

2023

Opt. Eng.

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.Optical switches are critical components for optical communication devices, and currently, they are now bottlenecking the development of optical telecommunications. In this study, we propose an innovative all-optical Kerr switch based on the Brewster angle effect, which exhibits a graphene/SiO2/graphene/SiO2 structure and an insertion loss (IL) that can be minimized by tuning the Fermi level of the graphene layers. A novel Brewster’s angle effect is achieved, resulting in a change in the incidence angle under nonlinear conditions as well as on–off switching of the phase change. The proposed switch has perfect absorption at an incident angle of 63 deg, where the phase of the reflected light is shifted from − π to 0. Furthermore, the Brewster angle of the switch was successfully shifted from 63 deg to 80 deg with an incident frequency of 0.8 THz. It was observed that an increase in Fermi level continuously shrank the nonlinear region of the switch. The minimum IL of the proposed optical switch was only 2 dB, which is indicative of excellent energy efficiency. The results of this study can aid in the development of key devices for broadband communications and electromagnetic sensing.

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Section: Brewster Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brewster Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

Optical switch of low-insertion-loss based on the Brewster angle effect

Xiong

Zhu

2023

Opt. Eng.

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“…Optical switches are a crucial element in many communication systems. They can be designed using photonic crystals [12,13], graphene layers [14,15], hybrid crystal structures [16,17], and other materials. Optical switching can be achieved through various methods, including electro-optic [18,19], all-optical mechanisms [20,21] and thermal optical mechanisms [3,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote-controllable refractive-index-sensitive plasmonic waveguide and rake-like switch: designs and FDTD simulations

Fan,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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A refractive-index-sensitive plasmonic waveguide, whose transmission characteristics could be controlled remotely by a rake-like switch design, is theoretically studied in the reported work. The distance from the remote control unit to the bus waveguide is more than 0.25 μm, and it still possesses great efficiency even when the distance is increased to 0.535 μm. The switch basically contains two main sections. The first is on the bottom and next to the bus waveguide which functions as a plasmonic resonator that can induce localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and restrict wave propagation at corresponding resonant frequency. The second is on the top and far away from the bus waveguide which functions as a remote controller that can modulate LSPR frequency in the first section. The refractive-index-dependent transmission spectra of this filter were simulated using finite-difference time-domain method. The results have shown that even at a distance as far as 0.5 μm, the ON/OFF switching of the wave propagation in a bus waveguide can still be modulated by adjusting the refractive index of a remote rectangular controller. With only 0.08 difference in refractive index, it could be obtained an on-off switching ratio of 18.7, 20.4 and 25.7 respectively for different waveguides at visible and near infrared wavelength, which shows great potential applications in refractive index sensors and remote-controllable band-stop filters.

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“…Thus, graphene plasmons are an attractive and suitable alternative to noble metal plasmons because they show a relatively large distance for plasmon transmission. In addition, surface plasmons in graphene have the advantage of being regulated by electrostatic gates [10,14]. Compared to noble metals, graphene has extraordinary electronic and mechanical properties that originate in part from its zero-mass charge carriers [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Graphene Nanoribbon and an Array of QDs: Introducing Nano Grating

2022

Self Cite

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In this work, the interaction between an array of QDs and Graphene nanoribbon is modeled using dipole–dipole interaction. Then, based on the presented model, we study the linear optical properties of the considered system and find that by changing the size, number, and type of quantum dots as well as how they are arranged, the optical properties can be controlled and the controllable grating plasmonic waveguides can be implemented. Therefore, we introduce different structures, compare them together and find that each of them can be useful based on their application in optical integrated circuits. The quantum dot arrays are located on a graphene nanoribbon with dimensions of 775 × 40 nm2. Applying electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 1.55 µm causes polarization in the quantum dots and induces surface polarization on graphene. It is shown that, considering the large radius of the quantum dot, the induced polarization is increased, and ultimately the interaction with other quantum dots and graphene nanoribbon is stronger. Similarly, the distance between quantum dots and the number of QDs on Graphene nanoribbon are basic factors that affect the interaction between QDs and nanoribbon. Due to the polarization effect of these elements between each other, we see the creation of the effective grating refractive index in the plasmonic waveguide. This has many applications in quantum optical integrated circuits, nano-scale atomic lithography for nano-scale production, the adjustment coupling coefficient between waveguides, and the implementation of optical gates, reflectors, detectors, modulators, and others.

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Design of all-optical graphene switches based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer employing optical Kerr effect

Cited by 55 publications

References 75 publications

Optical switch of low-insertion-loss based on the Brewster angle effect

Optical switch of low-insertion-loss based on the Brewster angle effect

Remote-controllable refractive-index-sensitive plasmonic waveguide and rake-like switch: designs and FDTD simulations

Interaction between Graphene Nanoribbon and an Array of QDs: Introducing Nano Grating

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