Design of aeration towers to strip volatile contaminants from drinking water

Kavanaugh, Michael C.; Trussell, R. Rhodes

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1980.tb04613.x

Cited by 148 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is considered accurate enough since the rate-limiting kinetic contributions are expected to be in the mass transport according to earlier studies. 16,17,35 First of all note that the mass is conserved inside the PFT. The thermodynamics have to be developed in terms of gradients in all directions (P, T, mole-fractions) without conservation of mole-fractions in order to obtain the appropriate relative local driving forces and also avoid double conservation constraints in the free enrgy minimalization.…”

Section: Thermodynamics Outside Of Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of water film thickness on kinetic rate of mixed hydrate formation during injection of CO₂ into CH₄ hydrate

2015

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In this work, nonequilibrium thermodynamics and phase field theory (PFT) has been applied to study the kinetics of phase transitions associated with CO 2 injection into systems containing CH 4 hydrate, free CH 4 gas, and varying amounts of liquid water. The CH 4 hydrate was converted into either pure CO 2 or mixed CO 2 ACH 4 hydrate to investigate the impact of two primary mechanisms governing the relevant phase transitions: solid-state mass transport through hydrate and heat transfer away from the newly formed CO 2 hydrate. Experimentally proven dependence of kinetic conversion rate on the amount of available free pore water was investigated and successfully reproduced in our model systems. It was found that rate of conversion was directly proportional to the amount of liquid water initially surrounding the hydrate. When all of the liquid has been converted into either CO 2 or mixed CO 2 ACH 4 hydrate, a much slower solid-state mass transport becomes the dominant mechanism. V C 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: [3944][3945][3946][3947][3948][3949][3950][3951][3952][3953][3954][3955][3956][3957] 2015

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Section: Thermodynamics Outside Of Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of water film thickness on kinetic rate of mixed hydrate formation during injection of CO₂ into CH₄ hydrate

2015

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“…www.meatandmusclebiology.com NY; model GFC17) and the percentage oxygen was converted to molar concentration using the Henry's equation (Loomis, 1928;Kavanaugh and Trussell, 1980). Nitrogen and oxygen gases were of ultra-high purity and source was from Matheson Tri-Gas (Basking Ridge, NJ).…”

Section: Electrochemical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-Specificity in Myoglobin Oxygenation and Reduction Potential Properties

Nerimetla

Krishnan

Mazumder

et al. 2017

Meat and Muscle Biology

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Abstract:The objective was to compare oxygenation and reduction potential properties of bovine and porcine myoglobins in-vitro. Cyclic voltammetry and homology-based myoglobin modeling were used to determine the species-specific effects on myoglobin reduction potential and oxygenation properties at pH 5.6, 6.4, and 7.4. At all pHs, porcine myoglobin had greater (P = 0.04) oxygen affinity than bovine myoglobin. For both species, oxygen affinity was higher at pH 6.4 > pH 7.4 > 5.6 (P = 0.0002). Myoglobin reduction potential for both species was affected by pH (P < 0.0001). The redox potentials became more negative as pH increased, indicating a proton-coupled electron transfer. There were no differences (P = 0.51) between species in reduction potential properties of heme. Homology-based myoglobin modeling indicated that the porcine myoglobin has a shorter distance between the distal histidine and heme than does bovine myoglobin. The variation in amino acid composition between bovine and porcine myoglobin could be partially responsible for differences in oxygen affinity.

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“…This was verified qualitatively by gas chromatography, in which a soluble CH 4 peak was identified in effluent samples. The distribution coefficient (m ϭ C g /C l [dimensionless], where C g is the concentration in the gas phase and C l is the concentration in the liquid phase) of CH 4 at 30°C was calculated from different sources (3,9,12,34). The average m value from these sources was 32.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Methanethiol by Methylotrophic Methanogenic Archaea in a Lab-Scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

Bok

Leerdam

Lomans

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor inoculated with granular sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant treating paper mill wastewater, methanethiol (MT) was degraded at 30°C to H 2 S, CO 2 , and CH 4 . At a hydraulic retention time of 9 h, a maximum influent concentration of 6 mM MT was applied, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of 16.5 mmol liter ؊1 day ؊1 . The archaeal community within the reactor was characterized by anaerobic culturing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, cloning, and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. Initially, MT-fermenting methanogenic archaea related to members of the genus Methanolobus were enriched in the reactor. Later, they were outcompeted by Methanomethylovorans hollandica, which was detected in aggregates but not inside the granules that originated from the inoculum, the microbial composition of which remained fairly unchanged. Possibly other species within the Methanosarcinacaea also contributed to the fermentation of MT, but they were not enriched by serial dilution in liquid media. The archaeal community within the granules, which was dominated by Methanobacterium beijingense, did not change substantially during the reactor operation. Some of the species related to Methanomethylovorans hollandica were enriched by serial dilutions, but their growth rates were very low. Interestingly, the enrichments could be sustained only in the presence of MT and did not utilize any of the other typical substrates for methylotrophic methanogens, such as methanol, methyl amine, or dimethylsulfide.Organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and other fossil fuels are receiving considerable attention because of their potential direct and indirect negative effects on the environment. Thiols and H 2 S, the major (organo)sulfur compounds in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), are extracted using alkaline solutions. Currently, thiol-containing LPG (mainly methanethiol [MT]) is treated by the Merox process, in which H 2 S and thiols are extracted from the LPG separately. The thiols are then catalytically oxidized to water-insoluble disulfide oil (33).Alternatively, H 2 S and thiols can be extracted simultaneously from LPG, which results in a solvent stream loaded with H 2 S, MT, and at least 1 M of Na ϩ . The thiols present in the solvent are converted in an anaerobic bioreactor to H 2 S, CO 2 , and CH 4 (26). In a second reactor, H 2 S is biologically oxidized to elemental sulfur, a process that has been studied in detail (7,8) and is already being applied. After separation of the elemental sulfur, the solvent is reused for the extraction process.Under anaerobic conditions, MT is fermented by methanogens, but oxidation by sulfate reducers has also been reported (15,30). Kiene et al. showed that sulfate reducers compete with methanogens for MT and dimethylsulfide (DMS), but only at concentrations below 10 M (10). Theoretically, conversion of MT to acetate or to H 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 S, as described for methanol (20,21), is also possibl...

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Design of aeration towers to strip volatile contaminants from drinking water

Cited by 148 publications

References 4 publications

Impact of water film thickness on kinetic rate of mixed hydrate formation during injection of CO₂ into CH₄ hydrate

Impact of water film thickness on kinetic rate of mixed hydrate formation during injection of CO₂ into CH₄ hydrate

Species-Specificity in Myoglobin Oxygenation and Reduction Potential Properties

Degradation of Methanethiol by Methylotrophic Methanogenic Archaea in a Lab-Scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

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Design of aeration towers to strip volatile contaminants from drinking water

Cited by 148 publications

References 4 publications

Impact of water film thickness on kinetic rate of mixed hydrate formation during injection of CO2 into CH4 hydrate

Impact of water film thickness on kinetic rate of mixed hydrate formation during injection of CO2 into CH4 hydrate

Species-Specificity in Myoglobin Oxygenation and Reduction Potential Properties

Degradation of Methanethiol by Methylotrophic Methanogenic Archaea in a Lab-Scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

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Impact of water film thickness on kinetic rate of mixed hydrate formation during injection of CO₂ into CH₄ hydrate

Impact of water film thickness on kinetic rate of mixed hydrate formation during injection of CO₂ into CH₄ hydrate