Design of a Wireless Charging System for e-Scooter

Means of transport should be able to fulfil their main function safely and comfortably for travellers and drivers. The effects of vibrations on ride comfort are in the frequency range of 0.5 to 80 Hz and can be analysed using the UNE-2631 standard. This type of analysis has been conducted for several means of transport (bicycles, motorcycles, cars, trucks, etc.), but the literature on e-scooter comfort is very scarce. Existing research describes methodologies, simulation models, and a few measurements related to e-scooter comfort. This paper presents, for the first time, a comfort analysis using an Arduino-based data acquisition system at a sampling frequency of 200 Hz (higher than that in previous studies). Acceleration and speed measurements were obtained by sensorising an e-scooter with inflated wheels without any additional damping systems, which is one of the commonly used e-scooter types. In this study, the comfort for two different speeds (20 and 28 km/h), two types of pavements (pavers and asphalt), and two drivers with different weights was investigated. The results indicate the lowest comfort values for higher velocities and paver pavement. Furthermore, the comfort values were extremely low for all scenarios. In addition, the results demonstrate the necessity of using a sampling rate of at least 80 Hz for this e-scooter model.

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“…Regulation, standards, and policies [16][17][18]; • Battery charging and charger distribution [19][20][21];…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of E-Scooter Vibrations Risks for Riding Comfort Based on Real Measurements

et al. 2022

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“…The growth is determined by the boost of the battery-powered devices market [1,2] and the development of methods and materials assuring high efficiency and affordability of the technology [3,4]. After starting from relatively low-power application areas such as consumer electronics, medicine, communications, and sensing, wireless charging also has spread towards high-power applications [5][6][7]. A huge potential for high-power wireless charging technology is found in automotive applications, especially for electric vehicle battery charging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Coil Systems with Non-Symmetrical Fe Backings for Electrical Vehicle Wireless Charging Applications

Lukočius,

Nakutis,

Vilkauskas

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Wireless power transfer is a widely applied technology whose market and application areas are growing rapidly. It is considered to be a promising supplement to the conductive charging of electrical vehicles (EVs). Wireless charging provides safety, convenience, and reliability in terms of mitigating issues related to wiring, risk of tearing, trip hazards, and contact wear inherent to the conductive charging. A variety of coil structures have been researched for EV charging applications; however, most of them were of the symmetrical type. This work analyzes systems of coils possessing ferromagnetic backing with non-symmetrical geometries and compares them with the conventional symmetrical ones. Numerical FEM simulation was applied in the research. The numerical models were verified analytically and experimentally. The impact of air-gap length, longitudinal displacement, number of turns, and width of the ferrite bars on coupling factor was investigated. The results suggest that coil systems with non-symmetrical structures of ferromagnetic backings are a good alternative to the conventional symmetrical structures for wireless electrical vehicle charging applications.

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“…The released standards (e.g., SAE J2954, IEC TS 61980-3:2019) facilitate faster adoption of WPT technology in e-transport infrastructure [ 4 , 9 ]. Stationary and dynamic wireless EV charging brings a lot of benefits [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], is a promising technology for conventional grid-connected solutions, and is an essential part of Future Sustainable Roads for Electric Mobility, combining energy harvesting and other modern technologies [ 13 , 14 ]. As we approach the end of the period of subsidizing electrical energy for EV charging, the issue of fair billing in both contact and wireless charging systems is getting more attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Measurement Method of Power Transferred to an Electric Vehicle Using Wireless Charging

Nakutis,

Lukočius,

Girdenis

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The increasing number of zero-emission vehicles on the roads demands novel vehicle charging solutions that ensure convenience, safety, increased charging infrastructure availability, and aesthetics. Wireless charging technology is seen as the one that could assure these desirable properties and could be applied not just in conventional implementations but also in off-grid solutions together with roadway energy harvesting systems. Both approaches require proper transfer of energy metering methods. In this paper, a method for measuring the power transferred to the load in a wireless charging system is presented, and its systematic error is assessed in the relevant range of influencing factors. The novelty of the method is that it does not require any metrologically certified measurement instrumentation on the receiver side of the wireless charging system. The error analysis is performed using a numerical simulation. Considered error-influencing factors included secondary side electrical load, coils’ coupling coefficient and quality factor, current and voltage quantization resolution, and compensation topology type (serial-serial (SS) and serial-parallel (SP)). It was determined that the systematic error of the power assessment does not exceed 0.7% for SS and 1.1% for SP topologies when the coupling coefficient is in the range of 0.05 to 0.4 and the quality factor of the resonant system is in the range of 100 to 800.

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Design of a Wireless Charging System for e-Scooter

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Analysis of E-Scooter Vibrations Risks for Riding Comfort Based on Real Measurements

Analysis of E-Scooter Vibrations Risks for Riding Comfort Based on Real Measurements

Analysis of Coil Systems with Non-Symmetrical Fe Backings for Electrical Vehicle Wireless Charging Applications

A Measurement Method of Power Transferred to an Electric Vehicle Using Wireless Charging

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