Design of a two-dimensional stray-light-free geometrical waveguide head-up display

Gu, Luo; Cheng, Dewen; Wang, Qiwei; Hou, Qichao; Wang, Yongtian

doi:10.1364/ao.57.009246

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Another simple geometric optical element is prism. Prisms are usually utilized as in-couplers to equivalently replace the reflective mirror (to be discussed in next section) [37], but it can also function as an out-coupler to couple the light out by TIR, such as in the Oorym waveguide combiner [38], thus resulting in a limited eyebox. As an in-coupler, the prism may be bounded on top of the waveguide as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Prismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveguide-based augmented reality displays: perspectives and challenges

Ding,

Yang,

et al. 2023

eLight

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Augmented reality (AR) displays, as the next generation platform for spatial computing and digital twins, enable users to view digital images superimposed on real-world environment, fostering a deeper level of human-digital interactions. However, as a critical element in an AR system, optical combiners face unprecedented challenges to match the exceptional performance requirements of human vision system while keeping the headset ultracompact and lightweight. After decades of extensive device and material research efforts, and heavy investment in manufacturing technologies, several promising waveguide combiners have been developed. In this review paper, we focus on the perspectives and challenges of optical waveguide combiners for AR displays. We will begin by introducing the basic device structures and operation principles of different AR architectures, and then delve into different waveguide combiners, including geometric and diffractive waveguide combiners. Some commonly used in-couplers and out-couplers, such as prisms, mirrors, surface relief gratings, volume holographic gratings, polarization volume gratings, and metasurface-based couplers, will be discussed, and their properties analyzed in detail. Additionally, we will explore recent advances in waveguide combiner design and modeling, such as exit pupil expansion, wide field of view, geometric architectures of waveguide couplers, full-color propagation, and brightness and color uniformity optimization. Finally, we will discuss the bottlenecks and future development trends in waveguide combiner technologies. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of waveguide combiner technologies, analyze their pros and cons, and then present the future challenges of AR displays.

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Section: Prismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveguide-based augmented reality displays: perspectives and challenges

Ding,

Yang,

et al. 2023

eLight

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“…To resolve this problem, Wang et al proposed an effective strategy to lessen stray light [9] and further designed a dual-layer geometric waveguide to widen the field of view (FOV) [10]. Moreover, Luo et al [11] developed a method for calculating the geometric parameters of a two-dimensional waveguide and diminishing stray light. Xu et al [12] proposed a micro-mirror-array geometric waveguide to address the stray light issue resulting from undesired reflections from the partially reflective mirrors.…”

Section: Waveguide Eyepiecementioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric waveguide optimization for ghost reduction in near-eye light field display

Chen,

Fu,

Huang

et al. 2024

Optical Architectures for Displays and Sensing in Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (AR, VR, MR) V

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Most near-eye displays with one fixed focal plane suffer from the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) and cause visual discomfort to users. In contrast, a light field display with continuous focal planes offers the most natural and comfortable AR/VR visual experiences without VAC and holds the promise to be the ultimate near-eye 3-D display. It projects light rays onto human retina as if the light rays were emanated from a real object.This paper considers a near-eye light field display comprising a light field generator, a collimator, and a geometric waveguide as the three main components. It takes 4-D light field data in the form of an array of 2-D subview images as input and generates a light field as output. The light field generator is the device responsible for converting the light emitted from the display panel to the light representing the light field of a virtual scene. The geometric waveguide along with a collimator ensures that the light rays propagating in the waveguide are collimated. The partially reflective mirrors of the waveguide replicate the optical path to achieve exit pupil expansion (EPE) and a large eyebox.However, existing waveguide eyepieces for near-eye AR/VR displays are not designed for, and hence may not fit light field displays. In this work, we look into a geometric waveguide for light field display and find that the light fields replicated by the partially reflective mirrors cannot perfectly overlap on the user's retina, resulting in the appearance of multiple repetitive images-a phenomenon we call "ghost artifact". This paper delves into the cause of this artifact and develops a solution for applications that require short-range interaction with virtual objects, such as surgical procedures. We define a working range devoid of noticeable ghost artifact based on the angular resolution characteristics of human eye and optimize the orientation of an array of partially reflective mirrors of the waveguide to meet the image quality requirement for short-range interaction. With the optimized waveguide, the ghost artifact is significantly reduced. More results of the optimized waveguide will be shown at the conference.

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“…Figure 6b shows that a prism array can also serve as either an in-coupler or out-coupler in a waveguide. However, due to the multiple reflections of rays on the PRMs, issues such as stray light [52], ghosting, and low beam energy uniformity may arise [53,54]. Diffractive couplers modulate the light field through diffraction.…”

Section: Vid Larger Than 10 Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automotive Augmented Reality Head-Up Displays

Zhou,

Qiao,

Hua

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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As the next generation of in-vehicle intelligent platforms, the augmented reality heads-up display (AR-HUD) has a huge information interaction capacity, can provide drivers with auxiliary driving information, avoid the distractions caused by the lower head during the driving process, and greatly improve driving safety. However, AR-HUD systems still face great challenges in the realization of multi-plane full-color display, and they cannot truly achieve the integration of virtual information and real road conditions. To overcome these problems, many new devices and materials have been applied to AR-HUDs, and many novel systems have been developed. This study first reviews some key metrics of HUDs, investigates the structures of various picture generation units (PGUs), and finally focuses on the development status of AR-HUDs, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies, and points out the future research directions for AR-HUDs.

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Design of a two-dimensional stray-light-free geometrical waveguide head-up display

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Waveguide-based augmented reality displays: perspectives and challenges

Waveguide-based augmented reality displays: perspectives and challenges

Geometric waveguide optimization for ghost reduction in near-eye light field display

Automotive Augmented Reality Head-Up Displays

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