“…Nevertheless, this type of thermal storage system, as in Example 2, still saves 31% of the heat transfer fluid. Thermal energy storage in soil (Nassar et al, 2006), concrete (Zhang et al, 2004;Laing at al., 2006;Reuss et al, 1997), and in sands (Wyman, 1980) has similar features to that of the Example 2. When the heat transfer performance (the multiplication of the heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer area) between the heat transfer fluid and thermal storage material is poor, the energy delivery effectiveness can be rather low.…”