Design of a Quantum Source of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) and Test Methodology

Abstract

Abstract. The generation of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) has been identified as the required breakthrough that will lead to new forms of space propulsion. Many techniques have been devised to generate HFGW, but most of them exhibit marginal efficiency, therefore the power emitted in form of gravitational waves (GW) is orders of magnitude lower than the input power. The gravitational wave counterpart of the LASER, termed Gravitational-wave LASER or "GASER" is the quantum approach to the efficient generation of gravitational waves. Electrons, protons, muons, etc, all have charge and mass, if accelerated they usually lose energy through the very fast electric and magnetic channels, this causes a negligible emission through the gravitational channel. Quantum systems can be engineered to forbid electric and magnetic transitions, therefore the gravitational spin-2 transitions can take place. A class of active materials, suitable for making a GASER based on electronic transitions in the solid state, is identified along with their relevant physical properties. Means for creating coherence and population inversion and means to increase the emission probability are described. The expected performances of the device are derived from quantum gravitational theories. Additional properties of the active materials are considered to enforce the theoretical foundation of the device. A proof-of-concept device, operating at about 1 THz, is described. Experiments are proposed as a natural starting point of the research.

High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (HFGW) Generation by Means of X-ray Lasers and Detection by Coupling Linearized GW to EM Fields

“…Refractive properties, which lead to the concept of HFGW optical systems, were first published by Ning Li and David G. Torr, in 1992 in which on p. 5491 they demonstrated that the phase velocity of a GW, ν p , was reduced by a factor of about 300 in a superconductor (actually, about a factor, termed the index of refraction, N, of 400±200). This paper was peer reviewed and examined by C. A. Lundqist and Jeeva Anandan, but their results are disputed by Kowitt (1994. Fontana (2004, however, suggests that there is some change in the phase velocity in a SC and an attendant increase in the index of refraction, N. Thus we will keep the question open.…”

The Four Space-times Model of Reality

“…Frequency modulation of a particle wavefunction (by vibrations at relativistic speeds in the 3-space) should change its frequency spectrum and control the intensity of natural forces. Experiments very similar to those devised for studying High Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) (Fontana, 2004 and2003b;Baker, 2004) are suggested to study the properties of the refractive index of the 4-space.…”

Applications of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves to the Global War on Terror

“…As suggested by Fontana (2004): "A large literature exists on colliding gravitational waves (Szekeres, 1972). It has been found that the collision or focusing Griffiths, 1995 and1996) of gravitational waves produce curvature singularities.…”

“…None of these effects utilized for detection represent interaction with matter, but with fields and do not attenuate the GWs. There are a number of alternative devices theorized to generate HFGWs in the laboratory such as the Russians: Grishchuk and Sazhin (1974), Braginsky and Rudenko (1978), Rudenko (2003), Kolosnitsyn and Rudenko (2007); the Germans: Romero and Dehnen (1981) and Dehnen and Romero-Borja (2003); the Italians: Pinto and Rotoli (1988), Fontana (2004); Fontana and Baker (2006); the Chinese: Baker, Li and Li (2006). The HFGW generation device or transmitter alternative selected is based upon bands of piezoelectriccrystal, film-bulk acoustic resonators or FBARs (Baker, Woods and Li, 2006) since they are readily available "off the shelf."…”