Significant populations in tropical and sub-tropical locations all over
the world are severely impacted by a group of neglected tropical
diseases called leishmaniasis. This disease is caused by roughly 20
species of the protozoan parasite from the Leishmania genus. Disease
prevention strategies that include early detection, vector control,
treatment of affected individuals, and vaccination are all essential.
The diagnosis is critical for selecting methods of therapy, preventing
transmission of the disease, and minimizing symptoms so that the
affected individual can have a better quality of life. Nevertheless, the
diagnostic methods do eventually have limitations, and there is no
established gold standard. Some disadvantages include the existence of
cross-reactions with other species, limited sensitivity and specificity,
which are mostly determined by the type of antigen used to perform the
tests. A viable alternative for a more precise diagnosis is the
application of recombinant antigens, which have been generated using
bioinformatics approaches and have shown increased diagnostic accuracy.
As a result, identifying potential new antigens using bioinformatics
resources becomes an effective technique, since it may result in an
earlier and more accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to
evaluate the efficacy of in silico approaches for selecting recombinant
antigens for leishmaniasis diagnosis.