Design of a Patient Specific, 3D printed Arm Cast

Abstract

<p>3D printing is a manufacturing technique by which the material is added layer by layer to create a physical three-dimensional object. This manufacturing technique had primarily found uses in academic and commercial sectors for prototyping and product realization purposes. However, more recently the home consumer market has seen a surge in low cost printers bringing this capability to the masses. More recently 3D printing has seen considerable interest from the clinical sector, where alongside the synergistic use with medical imaging data, a whole generation of patient specific implantable technologies, splints/casts and resection guides can be created. Predominantly, clinical applications have focused on the use of 3D printing for bone replacement, however with the advent of more sophisticated multi-material printers, interest has now begun to move to applications in orthotics and orthopedic casting.</p><p>This study is to review and evaluate the feasibility of designing and realizing a more patient specific orthopedic cast to surpass current limitation with traditional fiberglass/plaster casts, through the use of advanced 3D modelling and printing techniques. To directly compare the efficacy of the traditional and 3D printed casts, we shall investigate critical parameters such as the time for manufacture, the overall weight of the final product, the accuracy off the cast relative to the patient’s unique anatomy and additional user-centric metrics (comfort, aesthetics, etc.). The design examined made use of advanced mesh structures throughout the bulk of the cast, such that the device would require less material (by weight) during fabrication, could allow for tunable weight and mechanical properties and allow for air penetration to the person skin, thereby reducing discomfort due to prolonged moisture exposure (chaffing, bad smells, etc.). As the primary focus of this study is the design and product realization phases and we shall not assess metrics relating to patient recover time or experience.</p><p>Overall it was found that the 3D printed cast was significantly lighter, with improved water repellent and air circulation properties, as compared to a traditional cast. Through the use of high precision design/manufacturing techniques, the final device could be accurately reproduced to match the test patient’s unique anatomy, thereby optimizing the orientation of the patient’s bones during post fracture recovery. It was however found that the manufacturing time for the 3D printed cast was slower than traditional casting methods owing to the additional time during the design phase. In future work we aim to address this limitation and to devise a streamlined methodology such that a generic cast design can be adapted to patient specific anatomical data through parametric design algorithms.</p><p>Ultimately, it was found that through the use of advanced design techniques, patient specific data and 3D printing, a custom orthopedic cast could be realized and with significant potential to augment current use of this technology for surgical intervention and improve patient outcomes. The use of advanced manufacturing in the medical field will likely enable more patient specific/user-centric treatment in the near future.</p>

Advances in Orthotic and Prosthetic Manufacturing: A Technology Review

“…Moreover, RPT offer advantages in the design of custom orthotic devices ( Figure 1): The orthotic and prosthetic devices are highly customizable, as in Zuniga et al [19], it is possible to fit the devices to complex geometrical features, with high accuracy, and these devices are manufactured efficiently in terms of cost, lead-time, and product quality [20]. [21]). (b) Cyborg beast hand prosthesis-a low-cost 3D-printed prosthetic hand for children licensed under the CC-BY-NC license (courtesy of Zuniga et al [19]).…”

Application of 3D-Printed Orthopedic Cast for the Treatment of Forearm Fractures: Finite Element Analysis and Comparative Clinical Assessment

“…In addition to the benefit from personalized design and use of lightweight materials for 3D printing, the novel cast is more fashionable and portable as well. Although 3D printing had made advances in the development of casting techniques, most published works for application of 3D-printed casts were still in the concept stage or initial phase [ 8 – 10 ], speaking to the need for experimental data and clinical experiences.…”

A review of laser engineered net shaping (LENS) build and process parameters of metallic parts

“…Additionally, medical practitioners and device companies have leveraged the benefits of AM technology, initially creating medical models for preclinical planning (Stoker et al, 1992). Following from this early use, the sector has matured rapidly and now allows for the fabrication of implants (Mohammed et al, 2016;Osman et al, 2017), orthotics (Chen et al, 2016;Fitzpatrick et al, 2017) and prosthetics (Mohammed et al, 2017). It is believed that as AM matures over the coming years, usage of this technology is likely to become more widespread and likely capture a greater portion of the global manufacturing market (Campbell et al, 2012).…”