Design of a Multifunctional Nanoengineered PLLA Surface by Maximizing the Synergies between Biochemical and Surface Design Bactericidal Effects

Abstract

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter on atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scales, has become the most appealing strategy for biomedical applications and is of great interest as an approach to preventing microbial risks. In this study, we utilize the antimicrobial performance and the drug-loading ability of novel nanoparticles based on silicon oxide and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite to develop nanocomposite antimicrobial films based on a poly( l -lactic acid) (PLLA) polymer. We also demonstrate that nanoimprint lithography (NIL), a process adaptable to industrial application, is a feasible fabrication technique to modify the surface of PLLA, to alter its physical properties, and to utilize it for antibacterial applications. Various nanocomposite PLLA films with nanosized (black silicon) and three-dimensional (hierarchical) hybrid domains were fabricated by thermal NIL, and their bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed. Our findings demonstrate that besides hydrophobicity the nanoparticle antibiotic delivery and the surface roughness are essential factors that affect the biofilm formation.

Challenges and Recent Progress in Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Biopharmaceuticals

“…Moreover, it can provide a sustained drug plasma level, and convenience of discontinuation of the drug in case adverse reactions occur. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully employed on nano/micro-engineered needle patches to minimize the bacterial risks associated with transdermal delivery techniques [16]. Nanoimprint lithography has also been proposed as a fabrication technique for these structures to address the commercial requirements.…”

Chitosan Derivatives with Mucoadhesive and Antimicrobial Properties for Simultaneous Nanoencapsulation and Extended Ocular Release Formulations of Dexamethasone and Chloramphenicol Drugs

“…It is used to treat infectious conjunctivitis in the form of eye drop solutions. Its primary effect is to inhibit the synthesis of prokaryotic protein and it can be used in wound dressings [ 26 ], for the preparation of antimicrobial films with nano-engineered three-dimensional hierarchical surfaces by nanoimprint lithography [ 27 ], as a localised drug delivery system encapsulated in β-pyrophosphate for tissue engineering applications [ 28 ] and eye infections treatment. Due to its extremely low water solubility (1:400), it is not possible to prepare eye drop solutions with chloramphenicol concentrations higher than 0.5–1%, a fact that drastically reduces its bioavailability and thus its effectiveness [ 29 ].…”

Antibacterial properties and regenerative potential of Sr2+ and Ce3+ doped fluorapatites; a potential solution for peri-implantitis

“…11 , investigated the effect of Sr 2+ in glass ionomer cements and observed bacterial inhibition with the release of Sr 2+ ions. Strontium containing hydroxyapatite was also found to have particularly improved antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus , showing potential to anti-caries applications in dentistry 12,13 . However, based on other reports the antibacterial potential of Sr 2+ ions, is disputable.…”