Design of a multi-well plate for high-throughput characterization of heterogeneous catalysts by XRD, FT-IR, Raman and XRF spectroscopies

Thuriot-Roukos, Joëlle; Bennis, Mohammed; Heuson, Egon; Roussel, Pascal; Dumeignil, Franck; Paul, Sébastien

doi:10.1039/c8ra08216b

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Solid-phase Raman spectroscopy is merely a surface technique as its penetration depth is less than 1 μm, whereas the depth for XRD reaches up to 1 mm. 41,42 In this study, the 514 nm laser used in the Raman analyses has a penetration depth of approximately 800 nm in Si, 43 and accordingly, the Raman data could not contain the information on entire crystallites.…”

Section: Effect Of Liquid Metal Catalyst On the Crystallinitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Unraveling the Role of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Electrochemical Growth of Solar Si from SiO₂ in CaCl₂-Based Molten Salt: Enhancement of Crystallization, Purity, and Photoresponse

Lee

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The electrochemical growth of Si has been developed as an alternative method of producing highly crystalline and pure semiconducting solar Si. The use of liquid catalysts for the electrochemical growth of semiconductors has been suggested to improve their quality. In this study, the role of liquid catalysts during the direct electrochemical growth of Si from SiO2 in CaCl2-based molten salts was investigated by comparing the crystallinity, purity, and photoresponse of Si deposited with and without liquid catalysts. A liquid catalyst was introduced into Si via the codeposition of Au or Ag, thereby forming a eutectic liquid mixture with Si during electrochemical growth. The use of liquid catalysts did not affect the growth rate of Si. Conversely, the liquid catalysts cause significant morphological changes associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in the grain size of Si, as estimated from X-ray diffraction and Raman analyses, by offering a low interface energy for Si nucleation. In addition, secondary ion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy analyses revealed that Al from the SiO2 feedstock was the primary impurity within the Si deposit and that its amount decreased when a liquid catalyst was used to filter the impurities during Si growth. Subsequently, the enhanced crystallization and purification of the liquid catalysts increased the photoresponse of the Si deposit, as confirmed by photoelectrochemical measurements. These results suggest that the electrochemical growth of Si using liquid catalysts can enhance the quality of Si, reflecting its potential to replace the conventional process of Si production.

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Section: Effect Of Liquid Metal Catalyst On the Crystallinitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Unraveling the Role of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Electrochemical Growth of Solar Si from SiO₂ in CaCl₂-Based Molten Salt: Enhancement of Crystallization, Purity, and Photoresponse

Lee

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…This can be done either in fast sequence or in parallel, with characterization techniques that are available in high-throughput configuration, such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, and X-ray Fluorescence. 58 HTE platforms can be designed in such a way that they integrate synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation, including chemical, biological, and hybrid catalysis; 12,59 and homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. 60 Furthermore, HTE can be combined with in silico screening techniques, in such ways that the material space is first explored in silico and the most promising candidates are synthesized in HTE facilities.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… High-Throughput Screening: Fast testing of desired functions or properties of materials. This can be done either in fast sequence or in parallel, with characterization techniques that are available in high-throughput configuration, such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, and X-ray Fluorescence …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Characterization to Discovery: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and High-Throughput Experiments for Heterogeneous Catalyst Design

Benavides-Hernández,

Dumeignil

2024

ACS Catal.

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This review paper delves into synergistic integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) with highthroughput experimentation (HTE) in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, presenting a broad spectrum of contemporary methodologies and innovations. We methodically segmented the text into three core areas: catalyst characterization, data-driven exploitation, and data-driven discovery. In the catalyst characterization part, we outline current and prospective techniques used for HTE and how AI-driven strategies can streamline or automate their analysis. The data-driven exploitation part is divided into themes, strategies, and techniques that offer flexibility for either modular application or creation of customized solutions. In the data-driven exploration part we present applications that enable exploration of areas outside the experimentally tested chemical space, incorporating a section on computational methods for identifying new prospects. The review concludes by addressing the current limitations within the field and suggesting possible avenues for future research.

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Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Break‐In/Conditioning of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Kostelec,

Gatalo,

Hodnik

2024

The Chemical Record

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have proven to be a promising power source for various applications ranging from portable devices to automotive and stationary power systems. The production of PEMFC involves numerous stages in the value chain, with each stage presenting unique challenges and opportunities to improve the overall performance and durability of the PEMFC stack. These include steps such as manufacturing the key components such as the platinum‐based catalyst, processing these components into the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), and stacking the MEAs to ultimately produce a PEMFC stack. However, it is also known that the break‐in or conditioning phase of the stack plays a crucial role in the final performance as well as durability. It involves several key phenomena such as hydration of the membrane, swelling of the ionomer, redistribution of the catalyst and the creation of suitable electrochemical interfaces – establishment of the triple phase boundary. These improve the proton conductivity, the mass transport of reactants and products, the catalytic activity of the electrode and thus the overall efficiency of the FC. The cruciality of break‐in is demonstrated by the improvement in performance, which can even be over 50 % compared to the initial state. The state‐of‐the‐art approach for the break‐in of MEAs involves an electrochemical protocol, such as voltage cycling, using a PEMFC testing station. This method is time‐consuming, equipment‐intensive, and costly. Therefore, new, elegant, and cost‐effective solutions are needed. Nevertheless, the primary aim is to achieve maximum/optimal performance so that it is fully operational and ready for the market. It is therefore essential to better understand and deconvolute these complex mechanisms taking place during break‐in/conditioning. Strategies include controlled humidity and temperature cycling, novel electrode materials and other advanced break‐in methods such as air braking, vacuum activation or steaming. In addition, it is critical to address the challenges associated with standardisation and quantification of protocols to enable interlaboratory comparisons to further advance the field.

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Design of a multi-well plate for high-throughput characterization of heterogeneous catalysts by XRD, FT-IR, Raman and XRF spectroscopies

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology to design a versatile, unique multi-well plate for high-throughput characterisation of heterogeneous catalyst by 4 different techniques (IR, Raman, XRF and XRD).

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Unraveling the Role of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Electrochemical Growth of Solar Si from SiO₂ in CaCl₂-Based Molten Salt: Enhancement of Crystallization, Purity, and Photoresponse

Unraveling the Role of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Electrochemical Growth of Solar Si from SiO₂ in CaCl₂-Based Molten Salt: Enhancement of Crystallization, Purity, and Photoresponse

From Characterization to Discovery: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and High-Throughput Experiments for Heterogeneous Catalyst Design

Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Break‐In/Conditioning of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

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Design of a multi-well plate for high-throughput characterization of heterogeneous catalysts by XRD, FT-IR, Raman and XRF spectroscopies

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology to design a versatile, unique multi-well plate for high-throughput characterisation of heterogeneous catalyst by 4 different techniques (IR, Raman, XRF and XRD).

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Unraveling the Role of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Electrochemical Growth of Solar Si from SiO2 in CaCl2-Based Molten Salt: Enhancement of Crystallization, Purity, and Photoresponse

Unraveling the Role of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Electrochemical Growth of Solar Si from SiO2 in CaCl2-Based Molten Salt: Enhancement of Crystallization, Purity, and Photoresponse

From Characterization to Discovery: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and High-Throughput Experiments for Heterogeneous Catalyst Design

Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Break‐In/Conditioning of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

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Product

Resources

About

Unraveling the Role of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Electrochemical Growth of Solar Si from SiO₂ in CaCl₂-Based Molten Salt: Enhancement of Crystallization, Purity, and Photoresponse

Unraveling the Role of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Electrochemical Growth of Solar Si from SiO₂ in CaCl₂-Based Molten Salt: Enhancement of Crystallization, Purity, and Photoresponse