Design of a microvolumetric blood counter/sampler for metabolic PET imaging in rats and mice

Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy: Mechanisms, Monitoring, and Optimization

“…Online changes in tumor metabolism have been demonstrated at the University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada using dynamic PET in both rat and mouse mammary tumors 179,180. Initially demonstrated in 1999,180 and further investigated in 2006,179 the Lecomte group established that continual perfusion of radiolabeled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose demonstrated dynamic changes in both perfusion rates and metabolic activity due to PDT.…”

“…Initially demonstrated in 1999,180 and further investigated in 2006,179 the Lecomte group established that continual perfusion of radiolabeled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose demonstrated dynamic changes in both perfusion rates and metabolic activity due to PDT. PDT performed with phthaolocyanine-based photosensitizers were illuminated for 30 minutes178,179 or 2 hours179 during PET imaging.…”

“…Second, the next 3 to 15 minutes of the fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose time course were correlated with the type of tumor necrosis, either direct cell killing or indirect cellular necrosis. Finally, the tumor uptake after 15 minutes was attributed to cellular metabolism and reflected the efficacy of PDT drugs, especially when more than one drug is compared as in these cases 179,180. Although still in the developmental phase, dynamic PET during PDT could allow visualization of real-time changes in the treatment parameters to provide optimal therapeutic outcome.…”

“…This section focuses on fluorescence imaging: intravital fluorescence microscopy304; fiber-optic fluorescence microendoscopy305–308; hyperspectral fluorescence imaging147,309,310; fluorescence lifetime imaging311–315; and, fluorescence diffuse optical tomography316–319. However, it is important to note that molecular imaging encompasses a number of imaging modalities and molecular-targeted contrast agents (as discussed in Section 5.4 below, which includes several references to PET180,320,321). The multitude of molecular imaging techniques includes PET, MRI, ultrasound, and other modes of optical imaging (such as light scattering and reflectance).…”