Design of a Fischer-Tropsch multi-tube reactor fitted in a container: A novel design approach for small scale applications

Shen, Jianqi; Ho, Wei Hua; Zhang, Yusheng; Liu, Xinying; Yao, Yali; Hildebrandt, Diane; El‐Gawad, Hala H. Abd; Ali, Hazim M.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132477

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Moreover, major drawbacks in the application of cobalt-based catalysts are the high price, the availability and the difficult reaction control in terms of local hotspot formation and heat removal. [15,18] In addition, a decisive disadvantage are performance losses in the case of non-ideal syngas compositions (H 2 /CO < 2, > 1 % CO 2 in the syngas), which inevitably occur in the course of renewable syngas supply. [25][26][27] Due to its activity for the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these promising results, there are hardly any approaches dedicated to the shaping of powdered catalysts to enable their application on technical scale. Moreover, major drawbacks in the application of cobalt‐based catalysts are the high price, the availability and the difficult reaction control in terms of local hotspot formation and heat removal [15,18] . In addition, a decisive disadvantage are performance losses in the case of non‐ideal syngas compositions (H 2 /CO <2, >1 % CO 2 in the syngas), which inevitably occur in the course of renewable syngas supply [25–27] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expected that such plants have considerably smaller scale than existing fossil‐based FT plants. The good scalability of fixed‐bed reactors makes it easier to design plants to be operated at decentralized carbon sources [18,19] . However, for the specific challenge of HA synthesis no suitable catalysts are available for application in industrial‐scale fixed‐bed reactors yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Up‐scaling of Iron‐based Catalysts for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis of Higher Alcohols

Medicus,

Mettke,

Merkel

et al. 2023

ChemCatChem

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For sustainable production of chemicals like hydrocarbons and oxygenates from renewable carbon sources and electricity Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis is focused in current research. Aiming for this purpose, the development of supported powdered and shaped catalysts for low‐temperature Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis of value‐added higher alcohols was addressed in this study. Promising support materials like α‐Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2 and SiC were assessed and the influence of electrochemical promoters on product formation was investigated. The results show an outstanding promoting effect of lithium on conversion and alcohol selectivity. A beneficial synergistic effect occurred for the combination of 1 % Li and Cu each and could be exploited both for supported powdered and shaped catalysts. Furthermore, effects of surface, shape, porosity and Fe content on pellet catalysts were investigated. Exploiting the beneficial effects found, the first monometallic shaped Fe‐based catalyst ‑ outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art monometallic Fe powder catalysts in conversion and selectivity ‑ is presented.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development and Up‐scaling of Iron‐based Catalysts for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis of Higher Alcohols

Medicus,

Mettke,

Merkel

et al. 2023

ChemCatChem

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show abstract

“…The mode of operation, in this case, is once through, where medium pressure is used, and tubes containing the catalyst are placed in the shell side of the reactor (cooling medium-mostly water-side). This type of reactor was originally developed in Germany after World War II [92,96]. Multi-tubular fixed-bed reactors have the advantages of simple operation, ease of product separation from the catalysts, and a wider range of operating temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fisher–Tropsch Synthesis for Conversion of Methane into Liquid Hydrocarbons through Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Process: A Review

Al-Sudani

Saeed²,

Ali

et al. 2023

Methane

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The interest in Gas-to-Liquid technology (GTL) is growing worldwide because it involves a two-step indirect conversion of natural gas to higher hydrocarbons ranging from Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) to paraffin wax. GTL makes it possible to obtain clean diesel, naphtha, lubes, olefins, and other industrially important organics from natural gas. This article is a brief review discussing the state-of-the-art of GTL, including the basics of syngas manufacturing as a source for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), hydrocarbons synthesis (Fischer-Tropsch process), and product upgrading. Each one is analyzed, and the main characteristics of traditional and catalysts technologies are presented. For syngas generation, steam methane reforming, partial oxidation, two-step reforming, and autothermal reforming of methane are discussed. For Fischer–Tropsch, we highlight the role of catalysis and selectivity to high molecular weight hydrocarbons. Also, new reactors technologies, such as microreactors, are presented. The GTL technology still faces several challenges; the biggest is obtaining the right H2:CO ratio when using a low steam-to-carbon ratio. Despite the great understanding of the carbon formation mechanism, little has been made in developing newer catalysts. Since 60–70% of a GTL plant cost is for syngas production, it needs more attention, particularly for developing the catalytic partial oxidation process (CPO), given that modern CPO processes using a ceramic membrane reactor reduce the plant’s capital cost. Improving the membrane’s mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability can commercialize the process. Catalytic challenges accompanying the FTS need attention to enhance the selectivity to produce high-octane gasoline, lower the production cost, develop new reactor systems, and enhance the selectivity to produce high molecular weight hydrocarbons. Catalytically, more attention should be given to the generation of a convenient catalyst layer and the coating process for a given configuration.

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“…To counter this, elevated temperatures are applied, making fluidized-bed reactors suitable for HTFT processes. 38 Finally, in addition to industrial reactors, the literature presents several research efforts focused on designing novel FTS reactors, including small-scale multi-tube 72 , microstructured 73 , and membrane reactors. 74…”

Section: Reactors For Ftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caracterização e avaliação de catalisadores de Fe suportado em zeólita HZSM-5 para a síntese de Fishcer-Tropsch

Silva

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The increasing of energy demand and the concerns about the climate change make the development of synthetic fuels of utmost importance. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), a step in the gas-to-liquid processes, is a catalytic reaction that converts synthesis gas (CO and H2) into a wide range of hydrocarbons and is as a promising technology to produce synthetic fuels. This process occurs by a polymerization mechanism and its results are dependent on the operating conditions, and mainly on the catalyst used. Iron (Fe)/zeolite catalysts have been extensively studied for FTS due to their cost-effectiveness and bifunctional activity. However, little research has been reported addressing a complete understanding of physical-chemical properties of Fe/H-ZSM5 and the effects of varied reaction condition on FTS, as well as the kinetic assessment of CO conversion over this type of catalyst. This work focused on studying the synthesis, characterization, catalytic and kinetic assessments of Fe/H-ZSM5 for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The characterization results showed zeolite and iron oxide structures with crystallinity, high surface area of the support, and presence of mesopores. Fe particles were heterogeneously distributed on the support in different sizes, presenting multiple reduction stages. The catalysts were active for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, showing a maximum CO conversion of 86% at 350°C and an average conversion greater than 50% at 300°C. In general, the catalysts exhibited greater formation of short-chain, C2-C4, and medium chain, C5-C8, hydrocarbons. Temperature, pressure, space velocity and feed composition showed a considerable influence on CO conversion. The catalyst exhibited a stable activity over time without structural changes or coke deposition. Finally, the proposed kinetic model for the best performing catalyst followed the carbide route, considering a double site mechanism with dissociative adsorption of CO and H2, and participation of CO2, which was further confirmed by in situ characterization.

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Design of a Fischer-Tropsch multi-tube reactor fitted in a container: A novel design approach for small scale applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Development and Up‐scaling of Iron‐based Catalysts for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis of Higher Alcohols

Development and Up‐scaling of Iron‐based Catalysts for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis of Higher Alcohols

Fisher–Tropsch Synthesis for Conversion of Methane into Liquid Hydrocarbons through Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Process: A Review

Caracterização e avaliação de catalisadores de Fe suportado em zeólita HZSM-5 para a síntese de Fishcer-Tropsch

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