Design of a Controlled Ecological Life Support System

Schwartzkopf, Steven H.

doi:10.2307/1311883

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Minimizing the penalties of energy and growth space will lower the break-even cost of establishing a CELSS in space as opposed to relying upon resupply of food, oxygen, and water (McCormack et al, 1992;Schwartzkopf, 1992). Measures of mass, volume, cropping time, and energy consumption will be critical to the cost analysis of crops in CELSS (Bubenheim et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Yield-optimizing Environments for Two Cowpea Breeding Lines by Manipulating Photoperiod and Harvest Scenario

Ohler¹,

Mitchell²

1996

jashs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photoperiod and harvest scenario of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) canopies were manipulated to optimize productivity for use in future controlled ecological life-support systems. Productivity was measured by edible yield rate (EYR: g·m-2·day-1), shoot harvest index (SHI: g edible biomass·[g total shoot dry weight]), and yield-efficiency rate (YER: g edible biomass·m-2·day-1per [g nonedible shoot dry weight]). Breeding lines `IT84S-2246' (S-2246) and `IT82D-889' (D-889) were grown in a greenhouse under 8-, 12-, or 24-h photoperiods. S-2246 was short-day and D-889 was day-neutral for flowering. Under each photoperiod, cowpeas were harvested either for leaves only, seeds only, or leaves plus seeds (mixed harvest). Photoperiod did not affect EYR of either breeding line for any harvest scenario tested. Averaged over both breeding lines, seed harvest gave the highest EYR at 6.7 g·m-2·day-1. The highest SHI (65%) and YER (94 mg·m-2·day-1·g-1) were achieved for leaf-only harvest of D-889 under an 8-h photoperiod. For leaf-only harvest of S-2246, both SHI and YER increased with increasing photoperiod, but declined for seed-only and mixed harvests. However, photoperiod had no effect on SHI or YER for D-889 for any harvest scenario. A second experiment utilized the short-day cowpea breeding line `IT89KD-288' (D-288) and the day-neutral breeding line `IT87D-941-1' (D-941) to compare yield parameters using photoperiod extension under differing lamp types. This experiment confirmed the photoperiod responses of D-889 and S-2246 to a mixed-harvest scenario and indicated that daylength extension with higher irradiance from high pressure sodium lamps further suppressed EYR, SHI, and YER of the short-day breeding line D-288.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Yield-optimizing Environments for Two Cowpea Breeding Lines by Manipulating Photoperiod and Harvest Scenario

Ohler¹,

Mitchell²

1996

jashs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The organisms involved in these systems include bacteria and fungi for the decomposition of organic waste and excrements, as well as unicellular microalgae, which produce the oxygen for astronauts, but also comprise higher organisms such as vegetables or fish to provide the astronauts with food. 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of simulated microgravity on the proteome of Daphnia magna

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The waterflea Daphnia is an interesting candidate for bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS). These animals are particularly promising because of their central role in the limnic food web and its mode of reproduction. However, the response of Daphnia to altered gravity conditions has to be investigated, especially on the molecular level, to evaluate the suitability of Daphnia for BLSS in space.Methods:In this study, we applied a proteomic approach to identify key proteins and pathways involved in the response of Daphnia to simulated microgravity generated by a two-dimensional (2D) clinostat. We analyzed five biological replicates using 2D-difference gel electrophoresis proteomic analysis.Results:We identified 109 protein spots differing in intensity (P<0.05). Substantial fractions of these proteins are involved in actin microfilament organization, indicating the disruption of cytoskeletal structures during clinorotation. Furthermore, proteins involved in protein folding were identified, suggesting altered gravity induced breakdown of protein structures in general. In addition, simulated microgravity increased the abundance of energy metabolism-related proteins, indicating an enhanced energy demand of Daphnia.Conclusions:The affected biological processes were also described in other studies using different organisms and systems either aiming to simulate microgravity conditions or providing real microgravity conditions. Moreover, most of the Daphnia protein sequences are well-conserved throughout taxa, indicating that the response to altered gravity conditions in Daphnia follows a general concept. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002096.

show abstract

“…Future space missions and the establishment of extraterrestrial human colonies (e.g., on Mars) rely on self-sufficient systems able to fulfill the following tasks: a complete purification of water, regeneration of atmosphere (oxygen production, carbon dioxide uptake), and food production and processing, as well as waste recycling [5]. Energy supply may also be taken as a major function of such a system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis proved that hybrid systems incorporating both approaches might be most promising to achieve the above-mentioned goals [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Photobioreactors in Life Support Systems

Wagner

Braun

Slenzka³

et al. 2015

Microalgae Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Life support systems for long-term space missions or extraterrestrial installations have to fulfill major functions such as purification of water and regeneration of atmosphere as well as the generation of food and energy. For almost 60 years ideas for biological life support systems have been collected and various concepts have been developed and tested. Microalgae as photosynthetic organisms have played a major role in most of these concepts. This review deals with the potentials of using eukaryotic microalgae for life support systems and highlights special requirements and frame conditions for designing space photobioreactors especially regarding illumination and aeration. Mono- and dichromatic illumination based on LEDs is a promising alternative for conventional systems and preliminary results yielded higher photoconversion efficiencies (PCE) for dichromatic red/blue illumination than white illumination. Aeration for microgravity conditions should be realized in a bubble-free manner, for example, via membranes. Finally, a novel photobioreactor concept for space application is introduced being parameterized and tested with the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This system has already been tested during two parabolic flight campaigns.

show abstract

Design of a Controlled Ecological Life Support System

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

Identifying Yield-optimizing Environments for Two Cowpea Breeding Lines by Manipulating Photoperiod and Harvest Scenario

Identifying Yield-optimizing Environments for Two Cowpea Breeding Lines by Manipulating Photoperiod and Harvest Scenario

The influence of simulated microgravity on the proteome of Daphnia magna

Photobioreactors in Life Support Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About