Design of a constant fraction discriminator for the VFAT3 front-end ASIC of the CMS GEM detector

Abbaneo, D.; Abbas, M.; Abbrescia, M.; Abdelalim, A. A.; Akl, M. Abi; Aboamer, O.; Acosta, D.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmed, W.; Александров, А.; Aly, R.; Altieri, P.; Asawatangtrakuldee, C.; Aspell, P.; Assran, Y.; Awan, I.; Bally, S.; Ban, Y.; Banerjee, S.; Barashko, V.; Barria, P.; Bencze, Gyorgy; Béni, N.; Benussi, L.; Bhopatkar, V.; Bianco, S.; Bos, J.; Bouhali, O.; Braghieri, A.; Braibant, S.; Buontempo, S.; Calabria, C.; Caponero, M.; Caputo, C.; Cassese, Francesco Peluso; Castaneda, A.; Cauwenbergh, S.; Cavallo, F. R.; Çelik, A.; Choi, M.; Choi, Sungyun; Christiansen, J.; Cimmino, A.; Colafranceschi, S.; Colaleo, A.; Garcia, A. Conde; Czellár, S.; Dabrowski, M.; Lentdecker, G. De; Oliveira, Rui de; Robertis, G. De; Dildick, S.; Dorney, B.; Elmetenawee, W.; Endrőczi, G.; Errico, F.; Fenyvesi, A.; Ferry, S.; Furic, I. K.; Giacomelli, P.; Gilmore, J.; Golovtsov, V.; Guiducci, L.; Guilloux, F.; Gutiérrez, A.; Hadjiiska, R.; Hassan, A.F.; Hauser, J.; Höepfner, K.; Hohlmann, M.; Hoorani, H. R.; Iaydjiev, P.; Jeng, Y. G.; Kamon, T.; Karchin, P. E.; Korytov, A.; Krutelyov, S.; Kumar, Ashok; Kim, H.; Lee, Jason Sang Hun; Lenzi, T.; Litov, L.; Loddo, F.; Madorsky, A.; Maerschalk, T.; Maggi, M.; Magnani, A.; Mal, P.; Mandal, K.; Marchioro, A.; Marinov, A.; Masod, R.; Majumdar, N.; Merlin, Jeremie Alexandre; Mitselmakher, G.; Mohanty, A. K.; Mohamed, S.; Mohapatra, A.; Molnár, J.; Muhammad, S.; Mukhopadhyay, Supratik; Naimuddin, M.; Nuzzo, S.; Oliveri, E.; Pant, L. M.; Paolucci, P.; Park, I.; Passeggio, G.; Pavlov, B.; Philipps, B.; Piccolo, D.; Postema, H.; Baranac, A. Puig; Radi, A.; Radogna, R.; Raffone, G.; Ranieri, A.; Rashevski, G.; Riccardi, C.; Rodozov, M.; Rodrigues, A. Malta; Ropelewski, L.; RoyChowdhury, S.; Ryu, G.; Ryu, M. S.; Safonov, A.; Salva, S.; Saviano, G.; Sharma, Avinash; Sharma, R.; Shah, Aashaq; Shopova, M.; Sturdy, J.; Sultanov, G.; Swain, S. K.; Szillási, Z.; Talvitie, J.; Tamma, C.; Tatarinov, A.; Tuuva, T.; Tytgat, M.; Vai, I.; Stenis, M. van; Venditti, R.; Verhagen, Erik; Verwilligen, P.; Vitulo, P.; Volkov, S.; Vorobyev, A.; Wang, D.; Wang, M.; Yang, U. K.; Yang, Yi; Yonamine, R.; Zaganidis, N.; Zenoni, F.; Zhang, A.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/11/01/c01023

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The conventional CF discriminator provides a CF trigger on the leading edge of the pulse, but not on both sides of the pulse. The leading edge CFD has been implemented in the 128 channels VFAT3 front-end ASIC [27]. The CT-TOT has been implemented in the 64-channel TOFPET2 ASIC [28,29].…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Constant Fraction Time-Over-Threshold (CF-TOT) method for neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination

Roy,

Vartsky,

Mor

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A: The use of Time-over-Threshold (TOT) for the discrimination between fast neutrons and gamma-rays is advantageous when large number of detection channels are required due to the simplicity of its implementation. However, the results obtained using TOT are usually inferior to those obtained using other pulse shape discrimination (PSD) methods. We present a novel approach for fast neutron/gamma-ray PSD using Constant-Fraction Time-over-Threshold (CF-TOT) pulse shape analysis. The method was evaluated using digitized waveforms from a liquid scintillator coupled to a photomultiplier tube as well as from a stilbene scintillator coupled to a photomultiplier tube and a silicon photomultiplier. The quality of neutron/gamma-ray discrimination was evaluated using Receiver Operator Characteristics curves and the results obtained with this approach were compared to the standard Constant Threshold Time-over-Threshold (CT-TOT) method. The novel CF-TOT PSD method results in >99.7% rejection of gamma-rays with ∼80% neutron acceptance, significantly better than CT-TOT.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Constant Fraction Time-Over-Threshold (CF-TOT) method for neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination

Roy,

Vartsky,

Mor

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Here, an ASIC model based on CFD is simulated using the transfer function of each block. The simulation model includes a fast analog transimpedance amplifier followed by a post-amplifier and shapers, similar to the BCM1F front-end ASIC [5] with peaking time < 7 ns and peak to the baseline less than 14 ns, as well as a CFD block inspired by the VFAT3 architecture [7]. Figure 3 illustrates a simplified block diagram of the front-end.…”

Section: Front-end With a Cfd As A Case-studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The fast beam condition monitor as standalone luminometer of the CMS experiment at the HL-LHC

Sedghi

2022

J. Inst.

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For the Phase-2 CMS upgrade for the High-Luminosity LHC, a luminosity uncertainty of 1% is targeted. To achieve this goal, measurements from multiple luminometers with orthogonal systematics are required. A standalone luminometer, the Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM) is being designed for the online bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurement. The sampling time resolution of ∼0.7 ns also enables the measurement of beam-induced backgrounds. In this paper, the hardware architecture and the readout protocol of the FBCM are described. The expected performance with a simple behavioral model of the front-end comprising a constant fraction discriminator is discussed, although the final implementation in the ASIC is still under discussion. Simulation results show that the FBCM will provide the required statistical uncertainty and deviation from linearity by employing 336 silicon-pad sensors, each with an area of about 3 mm2. In addition, the front-end with sensitivity to as low as 6000 electrons will satisfy the longevity constraints for an exposure of 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of 3.5 × 1015 per cm2.

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“…The CMS experiment [1] has been very successful during LHC Run1 and Run2. The detector has been running smoothly at world-record proton-proton center-of-mass energies up to 13 TeV, with an LHC luminosity exceeding 10 34 cm −2 s −1 . The Standard Model was tested in an unprecedented energy regime and with high precision.…”

Section: Cms Forward Muon Spectrometer Upgrade With Gem Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrade of the CMS Muon Spectrometer in the forward region with the GEM technology

Bianco¹

2020

J. Inst.

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be upgraded in several phases that will allow significant expansion of its physics program. The final luminosity of the accelerator is expected to exceed 5 × 10 34 cm −2 s −1 , five times the original design value. The CMS muon system must be able to sustain a physics program after the increase of luminosity and maintain sensitivity for electroweak physics for TeV scale searches similar to what was achieved up to now. To cope with the corresponding increase in background rates and trigger requirements, the installation of additional sets of muon detectors based on Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology, referred to as GE1/1, GE2/1 and ME0, has been planned. The installation and commissioning of the GE1/1 chambers is scheduled by 2019/20, while the GE2/1 and ME0 detectors are expected to be installed between 2023 and 2027. We present an overview of the Muon Spectrometer upgrade using GEM technology, a description of the ongoing GE1/1 project: production, qualification, installation and details of the GE2/1 and ME0 upgrade. We will focus on the novel solutions adopted for realization of the latter project, both from detectors and electronics side, with a summary of the ongoing R&D activities.

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Design of a constant fraction discriminator for the VFAT3 front-end ASIC of the CMS GEM detector

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of the Constant Fraction Time-Over-Threshold (CF-TOT) method for neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination

Evaluation of the Constant Fraction Time-Over-Threshold (CF-TOT) method for neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination

The fast beam condition monitor as standalone luminometer of the CMS experiment at the HL-LHC

Upgrade of the CMS Muon Spectrometer in the forward region with the GEM technology

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