Design of a Charge-Sustaining Energy Management System for a Free-Floating Electric Shared Bicycle

Abstract

This paper proposes an energy management system (EMS) for shared electric bicycles.The objective is to guarantee electric assistance to the cyclist while avoiding discharging the battery. The basic working principle exploits the cycling efficiency gaps.The proposed multi-layered EMS is specifically tailored to a free-floating bike sharing setting. The innermost layer manages the assistance and energy harvesting with the objective of yielding an intuitive human-machine interface. The middle level modulates the level of assistance so to track a desired average battery power. This is an adaptive model-based controller designed on a control-oriented model of the cyclist and bicycle energy dynamics. A cyclist profiling mechanism enables the model adaptation. The outermost loop guarantees the long term robustness by tracking a desired battery state of charge profile.Extensive simulations and experimental tests validate this approach in terms of usability and charge sustenance, proving that the cyclist profiling is of paramount importance.

What determines the batteries recycling behavior of e-bike citizens in Guangzhou?: Integrating place identity and environmental concern into the extended norm activation model

“…Bui et al proposed an energy monitoring system to deal with range anxiety caused by battery capacity [ 51 ]. In order to make the performance of e-bike batteries better, Corno et al designed a bike-sharing system that can be charged sustainably [ 52 ]. For the e-bike sharing system, an important factor affecting the successful operation of the system is whether it can be replaced by changing the battery to replenish the power of the e-bike [ 12 , 53 ].…”

A novel e‐bike energy management for improvement of the rider metabolism

“…M. Corno et al. studied the human influence on electric bicycles [25]. Many different methods are used in the controlling section [26–29].…”