Design of 3D printable concrete based on the relationship between flowability of cement paste and optimum aggregate content

Zhang, Chao; Hou, Zeyu; Chen, Chun; Zhang, Yamei; Mechtcherine, Viktor; Sun, Zhanwen

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103406

Cited by 100 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…All the GCs are classified in th same workability class (flow: F4, slump: S5). There are some differences in the classifica tion of CC with the two methods and this is noted in the literature [37][38][39].…”

Section: Workabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Compared to Conventional Concrete

et al. 2021

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The potential of applying geopolymerization to a wide range of solid industrial waste and by-products is of great interest. In this research, the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer concrete (GC), compared to those of cement concrete (CC), were studied. Three GCs with different content of FA and three appropriate CCs were designed, prepared, tested and evaluated. The results were compared with the requirements of Standards EN 206-1 and EN 1992-1-1. It was shown that in some cases minor adjustments of the regulations are needed, while in other cases complete revision is required. GC indicated competitive compressive strength compared to CC, tensile strength within the limits specified by Eurocode 2 for CC and modulus of elasticity about 50% less than that of CC. The ratio of binder (FA) to aggregates seems to have a significant effect on the properties of GC. The concrete with 750 kg/m3 FA seems to be the best choice taking into consideration both engineering and environmental criteria.

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Section: Workabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Compared to Conventional Concrete

et al. 2021

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“…Table 3 displays the particle size distribution of the river sand used in the present work. According to the convenient method for evaluating the changes in workability and buildability with time intervals [29], as illustrated in Figure 1, mortar specimens prepared with S/B = 0.5 and S/B = 1.7 fail to satisfy the requirement of printability due to the poor buildability and workability, respectively. Based on trial-and-error optimization, when 0.8 ≤ S/B ≤ 1.4, the prepared mortar could be used for printing and mortar mixes with S/B = 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 were selected to evaluate the dynamic properties of 3DPCM.…”

Section: Experimental Process 21 Preparation Of Printable Mortarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Properties and Fractal Characteristics of 3D Printed Cement Mortar in SHPB Test

Yue

Zhou

et al. 2021

Materials

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Comparing with the traditional construction process, 3D printing technology used in construction offers many advantages due to the elimination of formwork. Currently, 3D printing technology used in the construction field is widely studied, however, limited studies are available on the dynamic properties of 3D printed materials. In this study, the effects of sand to binder ratios and printing directions on the fractal characteristics, dynamic compressive strength, and energy dissipation density of 3D printed cement mortar (3DPCM) are explored. The experiment results indicate that the printing direction has a more significant influence on the fractal dimension compared with the sand to binder ratio (S/B). The increasing S/B first causes an increase and then results in a decline in the dynamic compressive strength and energy dissipation of different printing directions. The anisotropic coefficient of 3DPCM first is decreased by 20.67%, then is increased by 10.56% as the S/B increases from 0.8 to 1.4, showing that the anisotropy is first mitigated, then increased. For the same case of S/B, the dynamic compressive strength and energy dissipation are strongly dependent on the printing direction, which are the largest printing in the Y-direction and the smallest printing in the X-direction. Moreover, the fractal dimension has certain relationships with the dynamic compressive strength and energy dissipation density. When the fractal dimension changes from 2.0 to 2.4, it shows a quadratic relationship with the dynamic compressive strength and a logarithmic relationship with the energy dissipation density in different printing directions. Finally, the printing mortar with an S/B = 1.1 is proved to have the best dynamic properties, and is selected for the 3D printing of the designed field barrack model.

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“…Pashias and Zhang proposed the slump test that is a widespread method for testing concrete and mortar can be applied to evaluate the buildability of 3DPC. The buildability of 3DPC can be observed using the remaining height of the slumped concrete under the action of gravity, since in the test the force of gravity is also the driver while flow resistance is defined according to yield stress (Pashias et al 1996;Tay et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019).The slump test they proposed is the same principle as the cohesion test in the paper, the difference is only the tool used. The other method was evaluated from the number of printed layers and the deformation of paste in a limited time.…”

Section: Buildable Performance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Correlation Study on Work Performance of 3D-Printed Concrete

Zhang

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

ACT

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The study aims to solve the problem that the concrete suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing achieves more working performances, while the mutual influence, crossover, and contradiction among the working performances. In this study, a multi-index evaluated, gradual-optimized test based working performance is proposed. First, the concrete proportions satisfying 3D printing were obtained through orthogonal test and then gradually optimized systematically to the proportions determined by conducting an orthogonal experiment. The correlation between assessment indexes was analyzed. The test results show that fluidity and thixotropic sensitivity can be combined to evaluate comprehensively the work performance of 3D-printed concrete. The flow rate can further optimize the mix ratio, and the correlation between stacking height and number of extruded layers is weak. Moreover, the building performance of 3D-printed concrete can be evaluated from the number of layer and deformation of concrete to optimize the concrete ratio further. The suitable fluid range for 3D-printed concrete is 17.7-20.0 cm, and the corresponding stacking height is 45-57 mm. The successfully printed building components from the optimized concrete proportion further verify that the test method used in this study is reasonable and scientific, and that it can be extended to prepare other concretes satisfying more performance.

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Design of 3D printable concrete based on the relationship between flowability of cement paste and optimum aggregate content

Cited by 100 publications

References 27 publications

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Compared to Conventional Concrete

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Compared to Conventional Concrete

Dynamic Properties and Fractal Characteristics of 3D Printed Cement Mortar in SHPB Test

Evaluation and Correlation Study on Work Performance of 3D-Printed Concrete

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