Design methodology of Class-E power amplifier using feed inductance tuning for high-efficiency operation in wireless power transfer applications

Casallas, Ingrid; Páez, Carlos Iván; Fajardo, Arturo; Perilla, Gabriel

doi:10.1109/andescon50619.2020.9272187

Cited by 3 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, it has been extensively studied for several eras [1][2][3]. The RF signal is fed to PA through an RF mixer for amplification, and then PA sends the amplified signal to the antenna through a band pass filter [4][5][6][7]. In comparison with the linear PA, switching PA has quite higher efficiency which theoretically achieves almost 100% and is most preferable for portable wireless communication systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Design of Class-E Power Amplifier with Balanced FETs and High Output Power for RFID Applications

Zahid

Jiang

Lü

et al. 2021

Proc. eng. technol. innov.

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In Radio Frequency (RF) communication, a Power Amplifier (PA) is used to amplify the signal at the required power level with less utilization of Direct Current (DC) power. The main characteristic of class-E PA is sturdy nonlinearity due to the switching mode action. In this study, a modified design of class-E PA with balanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) and high output power for Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) application is presented. MOSFETs are adjusted to have high output performance of about 80% for RFID-based EAS system. A matching network is also proposed for accurate matching because there are differences in the behavior between RF waves and low frequency waves. The design of a matching network is a tradeoff among the complexity, adjustability, implementation, and bandwidth for the required output power and frequency. The implemented PA is capable of providing 44.8 dBm output power with Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) of 78.5% at 7.7 MHz to 8.7 MHz.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Design of Class-E Power Amplifier with Balanced FETs and High Output Power for RFID Applications

Zahid

Jiang

Lü

et al. 2021

Proc. eng. technol. innov.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This ideal soft-switching behavior is shown in Figure 2. The design of the class-E PA has been explored in several works [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. From the point of view of the L SH element, the class-E PA can be divided into two topologies: class-E PA with RF choke [9][10][11][12] and class-E PA with finite DC-feed inductance (FDI) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of the class-E PA has been explored in several works [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. From the point of view of the L SH element, the class-E PA can be divided into two topologies: class-E PA with RF choke [9][10][11][12] and class-E PA with finite DC-feed inductance (FDI) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The model of a class-E PA with RF choke assumes a DC input current, which simplifies the mathematical analysis and allows its design through simple analytical equations [9,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the point of view of the L SH element, the class-E PA can be divided into two topologies: class-E PA with RF choke [9][10][11][12] and class-E PA with finite DC-feed inductance (FDI) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The model of a class-E PA with RF choke assumes a DC input current, which simplifies the mathematical analysis and allows its design through simple analytical equations [9,12]. In contrast, the class-E PA with FDI must consider the current waveform in the circuit analysis, which increases the complexity of the design [19,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly, the PA design starts with the calculation of the initial circuit component values through design equations [9,12,19,[22][23][24]26]. However, these equations only provide an approximation of the nominal class-E operation (i.e., ZVS and ZVDS) because of the parasitic elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Soft-Switching Tuning Effect on the Figures of Merit Involved in the Design of a Class-E Amplifier with Finite DC-Feed Inductance

et al. 2021

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This paper explores the design of a Class-E amplifier with finite DC-feed inductance using three tuning methods. Furthermore, this work quantifies the impacts of the tuning process (referred to in this paper as the tuning effect) on the main figures of merit (FoMs) of this amplifier. The tuning goals were to guarantee two conditions: zero voltage and zero voltage derivative switching (i.e., soft-switching tuning). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, systematic tuning methods have not been analyzed before for this amplifier topology. Two of them are based on the iterative component tuning process, and they have been explored previously in the design of the conventional class-E amplifier with an RF choke inductance. The last tuning method explores the simultaneous adjustment of the control signal period and one amplifier capacitor. The analyzed tuning methods were validated by extensive simulations of case studies, which were designed following the power specifications of the Qi standard. In 100% and 96% of the case studies, zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-derivative voltage switching (ZDS) were achieved, respectively. Furthermore, we identified an unexpected behavior in the tuning process (referred to in this paper as the turning point), which consisted of a change of the expected trend of the soft-switching (i.e., ZVS and ZDS) point, and it occurred in 21% of the case studies. When this behavior occurred and converged to at least ZVS, the tuning process required more iterations and a large number of tuning variables. Additionally, after the tuning process, the total harmonic distortion and output power capacity were improved (i.e., in 78% and 61% of the case studies, respectively), whereas the output power, drain and added power efficiencies deteriorated (i.e., in 83%, 61% and 65% of the case studies, respectively) in the overall case studies. However, we could not identify an improvement in the overall FoMs related to the soft-switching tuning. Furthermore, the tuning impact was significant and produced some improvements and some deleterious effects for the FoMs in each case study, without a clear trend by FoMs or by tuning method. Therefore, the amplifier designer may choose the more favorable tuning method and the related FoM trade-offs for the required design specifications.

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Design Methodology of the Class-E Power Amplifier with Finite Feed Inductance—A Tutorial Approach

et al. 2020

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The Class-E with finite feed inductance is a high-efficiency power amplifier that generally uses complex, long, and iterative design procedures. In this paper, we detail a design methodology that is based on an analytical model of this amplifier. This methodology explores the power amplifier design by the use of a symbolic mathematical tool, which was developed in the software Maple™. This approach helps to understand the Class-E circuit topology and it offers a fast and easy design procedure without having to examine, in-depth, the model analytical equations.

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Design methodology of Class-E power amplifier using feed inductance tuning for high-efficiency operation in wireless power transfer applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

A Modified Design of Class-E Power Amplifier with Balanced FETs and High Output Power for RFID Applications

A Modified Design of Class-E Power Amplifier with Balanced FETs and High Output Power for RFID Applications

Analysis of the Soft-Switching Tuning Effect on the Figures of Merit Involved in the Design of a Class-E Amplifier with Finite DC-Feed Inductance

Design Methodology of the Class-E Power Amplifier with Finite Feed Inductance—A Tutorial Approach

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