“…With the advantages of significant shape variable, easy forming, shape recovery temperature adjustment, and the inherent characteristic of shape memory, SMP is one of the most commonly studied intelligent materials (Hou et al, 2019; Lu et al, 2021; McCracken et al, 2020; Xia et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2020). As a research area on emerging applications, the SMP research focuses primarily on intelligent flexible electronic devices (Cui et al, 2020; Gao et al, 2019), biomedical devices (Cheng et al, 2020; Le et al, 2018; Leitch and Worth, 2018; Li et al, 2020; Lin et al, 2019; Oh et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2017), aerospace engineering (Dao et al, 2018; Lan et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2020; Margoy et al, 2021), and soft robotics (Ilami et al, 2021; Sachyani Keneth et al, 2021; Scalet, 2020; Schönfeld et al, 2021). Recently, a lot of literature has reported the application research (Karger-Kocsis and Kéki, 2018; Liu et al, 2018; Patel and Purohit, 2018).…”