Design, manufacture and performance analysis of an automatic antenna tracker for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Nugroho, Gunawan; Dectaviansyah, Dicky

doi:10.14203/j.mev.2018.v9.32-40

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Microcontrollers and embedded controllers come in various bit configuration, such as 4, 8, 32, 64, and 128 bits. The 32-bits microcontroller is primarily designed for automatic control of devices and was recently used in the design of a UAV tracking system [ 31 ]. There are different microcontroller types, namely, 8051, PIC, AVR, ARM, Renesas, MSP, Hitachi, and Motorola [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Uav Tracking System Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a clear line of sight scenario, the range can be obtained by using a Friis transmission model, ignoring the earth bulge factor [ 83 ]. Alternatively, spherical law of cosines equations can be used [ 31 ].…”

Section: Recent Advancement On Uav Tracking Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulation results of the array element showed that its relative bandwidth is 21.7% with gain greater than 5 dBi and VSWR ≤ 1.25. Similarly, reference [ 31 ] built an antenna tracker using GPS and a 32-bit microcontroller, which is of two degrees of freedom. The system took into consideration the altitude of the vehicle and was able to provide an azimuth angle of 360 degrees and a pitch angle of 90 degrees.…”

Section: Recent Advancement On Uav Tracking Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using models, such as haversine distance and bearing formula, spherical trigonometry, calculation for the azimuth angle, elevation angle, and distance of the UAV from the tracking system, can be calculated. Their advantages resonate around its high precision and accuracy [ 31 , 89 , 107 , 108 ]. Many others built an antenna tracker using GPS technology.…”

Section: Recent Advancement On Uav Tracking Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Recent Advancement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Tracking Antenna: A Review

Kelechi¹,

Alsharif

Oluwole³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) antenna tracking system is an electromechanical component designed to track and steer the signal beams from the ground control station (GCS) to the airborne platform for optimum signal alignment. In a tracking system, an antenna continuously tracks a moving target and records their position. A UAV tracking antenna system is susceptible to signal loss if omnidirectional antenna is deployed as the preferred design. Therefore, to achieve longer UAV distance communication, there is a need for directional high gain antenna. From design principle, directional antennas are known to focus their signal energy in a particular direction viewed from their radiation pattern which is concentrated in a particular azimuth direction. Unfortunately, a directional antenna is limited by angle, thus, it must always be directed to the target. The other limitation of a UAV mechanical beam steering system is that the system is expensive to maintain and with low reliability. To solve this problem, we are proposing the use of MIMO technology as a readily available technology for UAV beyond line of sight technology. Although UAV antenna tracking is domiciled in the mechanical beam steering arrangement, this study shows that this native technology could be usurped by MIMO beam forming.

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Section: Uav Tracking System Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Advancement On Uav Tracking Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Advancement On Uav Tracking Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Advancement On Uav Tracking Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Recent Advancement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Tracking Antenna: A Review

Kelechi¹,

Alsharif

Oluwole³

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flight control has a vital role in running unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) [5], [6] well, becoming famous today. The application of UAVs in remote sensing, surveillance, and disaster mitigation has gained more attention because of their relatively low cost, more accurate, and higher maneuvers possibility than on-board pilots [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental studies of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) cost matrices weighting to control an accurate take-off position of bicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

Prakosa

Wang

Kurniawan

et al. 2022

J. Mechatron. Electr. Power Veh. Technol.

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Controller design for airplane flight control is challenged to achieve an optimum result, particularly for safety purposes. The experiment evaluated the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method to research the optimal gain of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) to hover accurately the bicopter model by minimizing error. The 3 degree of freedom (DOF) helicopter facility is a suitable bicopter experimental simulator to test its complex multiple input multiple output (MIMO) flight control model to respond to the challenge of multipurpose drone control strategies. The art of LQR setting is how to search for appropriate cost matrices scaling to optimize results. This study aims to accurately optimize take-off position control of the bicopter model by investigating LQR cost matrices variation in actual experiments. From the experimental results of weighted matrix variation on the bicopter simulator, the proposed LQR method has been successfully applied to achieve asymptotic stability of roll angle, although it yielded a significant overshoot. Moreover, the overshoot errors had good linearity to weighting variation. Despite that, the implementation of cost matrices is limited in the real bicopter experiment, and there are appropriate values for achieving an optimal accuracy. Moreover, the unstable step response of the controlled angle occurred because of excessive weighting.

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The directional antenna tracker for enhancing range communication between UAVs and Ground Control Station

Aizat,

Hazry,

Azizi

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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This paper discusses the development of an antenna tracker project focused on evaluating a 2.4 GHz Yagi Uda directional antenna connected to an NRF24L01 transceiver. It employs a gear reduction system for precise yaw and pitch control using two servo motors. The tracker calculates rotation angles using the Haversine formula for coordinates and inverse tangent trigonometry for elevation. Experiments took place in an open area with a stationary Ground Control Station (GCS) and a moving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to assess performance. The experiments comprised three tests: first, GCS without the Yagi Uda antenna or tracker; second, GCS with the Yagi Uda antenna but without the tracker, positioned along a 30-degree angle away from the transmitter; and third, GCS with both the Yagi Uda antenna and the tracker. The UAV gradually moved away from the tracker in 5-meter intervals until data loss occurred. The test results are based on received coordinates, distance, temperature, humidity, and data loss. Among the three tests, Test 3 demonstrates the best outcome, where the Yagi Uda antenna successfully receives data up to 180 meters before experiencing data loss.

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Design, manufacture and performance analysis of an automatic antenna tracker for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

The Recent Advancement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Tracking Antenna: A Review

The Recent Advancement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Tracking Antenna: A Review

Experimental studies of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) cost matrices weighting to control an accurate take-off position of bicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

The directional antenna tracker for enhancing range communication between UAVs and Ground Control Station

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