Design issues in cross-sectional biomarkers studies: Urinary biomarkers of PAH exposure and oxidative stress

Determinants of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide in South Korean children

“…We opted not to adjust for creatinine because, while correcting for dilution, it introduces inter-individual variation due to the fact that creatinine excretion rates are inXuenced by such factors as BMI, physical activity, diet and lean muscle mass (Symanski et al 2001;Viau et al 2004;Barr et al 2005). The levels of urinary 1-OHPG measured in the current study (range 0.04-3.27 ng/ml) were high compared to those we previously reported; mean levels in children (12-13 years) and their mothers (n = 300) ranged from 0.0158 § 0.0043 to 0.0645 § 0.0087 ng/ml among six diVerent regions in South Korea (Kang et al 2005). Several studies reported concentrations of ng/ml of 1-OHP in children, including ranges of 0.01-1.23 and 0.06-1.85 ng/ml (Chuang et al 1999;Mucha et al 2006).…”

Photomodified fluoranthene exerts more harmful effects as compared to intact fluoranthene by inhibiting growth and photosynthetic processes in wheat

“…PAHs consist of two or more benzene rings and are mainly formed during the incomplete pyrolysis and incomplete combustion of organic matter and may be transported over long distances (Kang et al, 2005). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has identified 16 kinds of PAHs (e.g.…”

Fruit and vegetable intake influences the association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and a marker of oxidative stress in pregnant women

“…Although the positive relationship between 2-napthol and MDA levels was not negated, it was reduced by a high intake of fruit and vegetables. The 1-hydroxypyrene can be absorbed through the skin, the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract (Jongeneelen et al, 1987), and can be affected by factors such as diet and smoking (IARC, 1987), whereas 2-napthol is mainly absorbed via inhalation (Jongeneelen et al, 1987) and reflects more specifically the ambient PAH exposure (Kang et al, 2005). Although we do not know the precise mechanism underlying this observation, it may occur due to differences in the metabolism of PAHs mediated by endogenous mechanisms because the routes of exposure and absorption of two biomarkers differ.…”

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of chemicals that are produced because of the incomplete combustion of organic products and are significant contributors to the carcinogenicity of air pollution (Peluso et al, 2001;Castaño-Vinyals et al, 2004;Vineis and Husgafvel-Pursiainen, 2005). Humans are exposed to PAHs through a variety of sources, including occupational exposure, smoking, diet, drinking water and outdoor/indoor air particulates (Lijinsky, 1991;Ovrebø et al, 1992;Kang et al, 2005). Exposure to PAHs during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia (Wu et al, 2009) and fetal growth retardation (Dejmek et al, 2000).…”