Design Issues for Helmet-Mounted Display Systems for Rotary-Wing Aviation.

Rash, Clarence E.; McLean, William E.; Mora, John C.; Ledford, Melissa H.; Mozo, Ben T.

doi:10.21236/ada352464

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…For example, voluntary head movements may exceed angular velocities of several hundreds of degrees per second and accelerations of up to several thousand degrees per second squared (Wells & Haas, 1990). However, these values are at the extreme end of head movement velocities and accelerations; for example, Rash et al (1998) found that 97% of all head movements of AH-64 pilots were between 0°and120°/s. Based on these and other studies, several authors (Velger, 1998, pp.…”

Section: Head Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

2006

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)AFRL; AFRL/HEA SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) Air Force Research Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate Warfighter Readiness Research Division 6030 South Kent Street Mesa AZ 85212-6061 AFRL-HE-AZ-TP-2007-03 DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThis paper was originally published in the journal Human Factors (Volume 48, Fall 2006). ABSTRACTObjective: We provide a review and analysis of much of the published literature on visual perception issues that impact the design and use of head-mounted displays (HMDs). Background: Unlike the previous literature on HMDs, this review draws heavily from the basic vision literature in order to help provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. Method: Included in this review are articles and books found cited in other works as well as articles and books obtained from an Internet search. Results: Issues discussed include the effect of brightness and contrast on depth of field, dark focus, dark vergence, and perceptual constancy; the effect of accommodation/vergence synergy on perceptual constancy, eyestrain, and discomfort; the relationship of field of view to the functioning of different visual pathways and the types of visualmotor tasks mediated by them; the relationship of binocular input to visual suppression; and the importance of head movements, head tracking, and display update lag. Conclusion: This paper offers a set of recommendations for the design and use of HMDs. Application: Consideration of the basic vision literature will provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs.

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Section: Head Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

2006

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“…Nevertheless, AH-64 pilots have reported a reduction in monocular cues, most likely due to the reduced resolution of the FLIR sensor/IHADSS display system. [16][17] In addition to loss of stereopsis, the situation of presenting separate images to each of the eyes (referred to as dichoptic viewing) was also a concern considered in the early design phases as a potential source of visual problems. Dichoptic viewing can cause a phenomenon known as the Pulfrich Effect.…”

Section: The Ihadss and Its Human Factors Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual issues associated with the use of the integrated helmet and display sighting system (IHADSS) in the Apache helicopter: three decades in review

2008

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In the late 1970s the U.S. Army developed the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) a , which is a helmet-mounted display (HMD) for use in the AH-64 Apache helicopter. The helicopter and the system were designed with the Cold War in mind such that the Apache would be able to stand off far from the frontlines and attack deep targets -primarily tanks -before they could engage our ground forces. The design used a right-sided monocular display optical system that was intended to reduce head-supported weight. This novel monocular design introduced a number of issues that had the potential of causing visual perception problems for pilots. Since the initial fielding of the Apache in the early 1980s, numerous reports have appeared in the literature that evaluated realized visual complaints voiced by Apache aircrew. In this review, the authors provide a summary of seminal reports, surveys, and experiments conducted over the past three decades. The extant literature described investigated these visual issues as the Apache's mission has evolved from the stand-off engagement tactics of the Cold War to the new Apache missions of close air support, deep attack, and raids currently occurring in the Global War on Terrorism.

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“…The field of view usually ranges from 25 x 20 up to 40 x 30 degree. These systems offer a monochrome (mostly green) display, but also multi-color systems are in development ( [1], [2], [3]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helmet mounted display supporting helicopter missions during en route flight and landing

2016

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Degraded visual environment is still a major problem for helicopter pilots especially during approach and landing. Particularly with regard to the landing phase, pilot's eyes must be directed outward in order to find visual cues as indicators for drift estimation. If lateral speed exceeds the limits it can damage the airframe or in extreme cases lead to a rollover. Since poor visibility can contribute to a loss of situation awareness and spatial disorientation, it is crucial to intuitively provide the pilot with the essential visual information he needs for a safe landing.With continuous technology advancement helmet-mounted displays (HMD) will soon become a spreading technology, because look through capability is an enabler to offer monitoring the outside view while presenting flight phase depending symbologies on the helmet display. Besides presenting primary flight information, additional information for obstacle accentuation or terrain visualization can be displayed on the visor. Virtual conformal elements like 3D pathway depiction or a 3D landing zone representation can help the pilot to maintain control until touchdown even during poor visual conditions. This paper describes first investigations in terms of both en route and landing symbology presented on a helmet mounted display system in the scope of helicopter flight trials with DLR's flying helicopter simulator ACT/FHS.

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Design Issues for Helmet-Mounted Display Systems for Rotary-Wing Aviation.

Cited by 18 publications

References 92 publications

Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

Visual issues associated with the use of the integrated helmet and display sighting system (IHADSS) in the Apache helicopter: three decades in review

Helmet mounted display supporting helicopter missions during en route flight and landing

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