Design improvements and x-ray performance of a time projection chamber polarimeter for persistent astronomical sources

Hill, J. E.; Black, J. K.; Emmett, Thomas; Enoto, T.; Jahoda, K.; Kaaret, Philip; Nolan, David S.; Tamagawa, Toru

doi:10.1117/12.2057259

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This improvement is reported in detail in Hill et al 2014 18 where we need only one free parameter to calibrate the polarimeter.…”

Section: Detector Performancementioning

confidence: 55%

“…[14][15][16] Although the GEMS mission, originally planned to be launched in 2013, was not confirmed for implementation, the verification and development of the polarimeter has continued. [17][18][19] The X-ray polarimeter at the GEMS focal plane is a gas proportional counter enhanced by a time projection chamber (TPC) technique. 1 Figure 1 illustrates a readout concept of the TPC X-ray polarimeter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance verification of the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small explorer (GEMS) x-ray polarimeter

et al. 2014

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Polarimetry is a powerful tool for astrophysical observations that has yet to be exploited in the X-ray band. For satellite-borne and sounding rocket experiments, we have developed a photoelectric gas polarimeter to measure X-ray polarization in the 2-10 keV range utilizing a time projection chamber (TPC) and advanced micro-pattern gas electron multiplier (GEM) techniques. We carried out performance verification of a flight equivalent unit (1/4 model) which was planned to be launched on the NASA Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer (GEMS) satellite. The test was performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) facility in April 2013. The polarimeter was irradiated with linearly-polarized monochromatic X-rays between 2.3 and 10.0 keV and scanned with a collimated beam at 5 different detector positions. After a systematic investigation of the detector response, a modulation factor ≥35% above 4 keV was obtained with the expected polarization angle. At energies below 4 keV where the photoelectron track becomes short, diffusion in the region between the GEM and readout strips leaves an asymmetric photoelectron image. A correction method retrieves an expected modulation angle, and the expected modulation factor, ∼20% at 2.7 keV. Folding the measured values of modulation through an instrument model gives sensitivity, parameterized by minimum detectable polarization (MDP), nearly identical to that assumed at the preliminary design review (PDR).

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“…This improvement is reported in detail in Hill et al 2014 18 where we need only one free parameter to calibrate the polarimeter.…”

Section: Detector Performancementioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance verification of the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small explorer (GEMS) x-ray polarimeter

et al. 2014

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“…To maximize sensitivity we have developed a gas polarimeter that employs the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) technique [8,9,10,11,12]. In this case the detection plane is parallel to the incident X-rays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the PRAXyS X-ray polarimeter

Iwakiri

Black

Cole

et al. 2016

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The performance of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) polarimeter for the Polarimeter for Relativistic Astrophysical X-ray Sources (PRAXyS) Small Explorer was evaluated using polarized and unpolarized X-ray sources. The PRAXyS mission will enable exploration of the universe through X-ray polarimetry in the 2-10 keV energy band. We carried out performance tests of the polarimeter at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source (BNL-NSLS) and at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The polarimeter was tested with linearly polarized, monochromatic X-rays at 11 different energies between 2.5 and 8.0 keV. At maximum sensitivity, the measured modulation factors at 2.7, 4.5 and 8.0 keV are 27%, 43% and 59%, respectively and the measured angle of polarization is consistent with the expected value at all energies. Measurements with a broadband, unpolarized X-ray source placed a limit of less than 1% on false polarization in the PRAXyS polarimeter.

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“…In this case, the training set is a set of photoelectron track images with initial direction and 2-D position. The photoelectric polarimeter that we have developed can make a photoelectron track with 30 × 30 pixels of a size of 121 × 121 µm [7]. Although, in actual experiment, we can easily regulate the Xray polarization direction, we cannot control the photoelectron direction which is randomized according to the differential cross section, cos 2 (φ).…”

Section: Input Data: Photoelectron Track Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A convolutional neural network approach for reconstructing polarization information of photoelectric X-ray polarimeters

Kitaguchi

Black

Enoto

et al. 2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Design improvements and x-ray performance of a time projection chamber polarimeter for persistent astronomical sources

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Performance verification of the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small explorer (GEMS) x-ray polarimeter

Performance verification of the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small explorer (GEMS) x-ray polarimeter

Performance of the PRAXyS X-ray polarimeter

A convolutional neural network approach for reconstructing polarization information of photoelectric X-ray polarimeters

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