Design Features and Project Age Contribute to Joint Success in Social, Ecological, and Economic Outcomes of Community‐Based Conservation Projects

Brooks, Jeremy

doi:10.1111/conl.12231

Cited by 42 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The success record of CBNRM in general is highly variable (Kellert et al , Tallis et al , Brooks et al , Brooks ), and the socio‐economic performance of WMAs has been criticized (Benjaminsen et al , Bamford et al , Bluwstein et al , Moyo et al ). However, evidence is beginning to indicate that positive social and ecological outcomes can result from WMA projects (Tetra Tech and Maliasili Initiatives , Pailler et al , Salerno et al , Lee and Bond ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating conservation effectiveness in a Tanzanian community wildlife management area

Lee

2018

J Wildl Manag

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In Tanzania, community‐based natural resource management (CBNRM) of wildlife occurs through wildlife management areas (WMAs). The WMAs consist of multiple villages designating land and managing it for wildlife conservation in return for a portion of subsequent tourism revenues. The ecological success or failure of WMAs for wildlife conservation is rarely quantified but is important for evaluating the efficacy of specific projects and the general concept of CBNRM. I used 3 analyses to evaluate the ecological effectiveness of wildlife conservation actions in the Burunge WMA. I compared wildlife and livestock densities inside and outside a WMA using 1 year of distance sampling data and compared wild and domestic ungulate densities before and after the implementation of management changes that increased wildlife protections within a subsection of Burunge WMA using 6 years of distance sampling surveys. I also compared giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) survival and population growth rate before and after the implementation of management changes that increased wildlife protections in a subsection of Burunge WMA using 5 years of photographic capture‐recapture data. I found greater densities of wildlife and lower densities of livestock inside the WMA compared with outside. After the management changes, I documented significantly higher densities of several wild ungulate species and lower densities of domestic ungulates in the WMA. I found giraffe survival and population growth rate both increased in response to the management changes. Results indicated the WMA is effectively providing habitat and protection for wild ungulates while generally excluding domestic livestock. Ungulate densities, and giraffe survival and population growth rate over time indicated the management changes enacted in 2014–2015 resulted in positive effects for wild ungulates. These combined results indicate the ecological effectiveness of Burunge WMA and provide evidence that CBNRM can have positive effects on wildlife populations, particularly when support to grassroots law enforcement is provided. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating conservation effectiveness in a Tanzanian community wildlife management area

Lee

2018

J Wildl Manag

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“…Some trade-offs are inevitable, but ongoing emphasis is needed on scenarios that yield ecological and social outcomes (Brooks, 2017;Brooks, Waylen, & Mulder, 2013). Some trade-offs are inevitable, but ongoing emphasis is needed on scenarios that yield ecological and social outcomes (Brooks, 2017;Brooks, Waylen, & Mulder, 2013).…”

Section: Principles For Governance Of Community-centered Conservatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Governance principles for community‐centered conservation in the post‐2020 global biodiversity framework

Armitage

Mbatha

Muhl

et al. 2020

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Strategies to protect biodiversity in the face of a global crisis must be placebased and sensitive to context. A failure to consider the socioeconomic and political circumstances, as well as wellbeing needs and lived realities of those most directly reliant upon biodiversity will further undermine progress on Aichi targets and subsequent goals for the post-2020 framework. How communities experience the benefits or costs of conservation action is influenced in large measure by the principles that guide conservation governance, and the subsequent institutional structures and processes that frame conservation action (at local to global scales). In this article, we define and critically reflect on core principles of community-centered conservation governance needed to yield desirable and long-term conservation outcomes-both ecological and social (i.e., equitable and just). In doing so, we emphasize a conception of community-centered conservation that we argue is relevant to guide implementation of a post-2020 biodiversity framework, and which is based on a foundation of well-established evidence. Core principles of communitycentered conservation governance include: (a) building multilevel networks and collaborative relationships needed to coproduce conservation solutions;(b) promoting equity and recognizing the central role of women as agents of positive change in conservation efforts across scales; (c) reframing conservation action through the lens of reconciliation and redress (e.g., responding to injustices from land grabs and territorial enclosures); (d) ensuring a rightsbased approach to conservation action in which community agency, access and decision making autonomy are supported; and (e) revitalizing the customary and local institutions that provide legitimate and adaptive strategies for the stewardship of biodiversity. K E Y W O R D Sgender, governance, institutions, policy

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“…, Oldekop et al. , Brooks ). Given large variation in the type and number of objectives (Brooks et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Brooks et al. , Brooks ). Unfortunately, performance evaluations of community‐based conservation at multiple time points are rare, as are comprehensive assessments that evaluate ecological and socioeconomic outcomes (Brooks et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardizing the evaluation of community‐based conservation success

Brichieri‐Colombi

McPherson

Sheppard

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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Community-based conservation, which strives to simultaneously improve nature conservation and alleviate poverty, must provide biological and socioeconomic benefits that are linked through effective resilience mechanisms. To date, few community-based conservation initiatives have published comprehensive assessments that track performance in these elements of success. With 45% of the world's protected areas in comanagement with local communities, standardized measures to effectively evaluate the dual goals of community-based conservation are needed. We here introduce SPECCS, a user-friendly Standardized Protocol for Evaluating Community Conservation Success that incorporates an appraisal of data quality to responsibly assess progress over time or to compare effectiveness among different initiatives. We illustrate SPECCS's use by evaluating the Wechiau Community Hippo Sanctuary (WCHS) of northern Ghana 10 and 20 yr after its inception. The WCHS has the dual objective of protecting one of Ghana's few remaining hippopotamus populations while alleviating poverty in the surrounding communities through the creation of economic opportunity and infrastructure development. Results suggest stable project performance in the 10-yr (76%) and 20-yr (76%) evaluation, with an improvement in evaluation quality from 30% to 34%. The project is currently stronger in socioeconomic (performance 86%; quality 30%) than biological (60%; 32%) outcomes and in benefits (83%, 42%) than resilience (63%, 21%). Biological resilience is challenged by poor connectivity and limited project control over threats, whereas socioeconomic resilience is affected by a decision balance that continues to favor external stakeholders. SPECCS helps pinpoint strengths and weaknesses for timely adaptive management, strategic investments, and evidence-based recognition of community-based conservation successes.

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Design Features and Project Age Contribute to Joint Success in Social, Ecological, and Economic Outcomes of Community‐Based Conservation Projects

Cited by 42 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluating conservation effectiveness in a Tanzanian community wildlife management area

Evaluating conservation effectiveness in a Tanzanian community wildlife management area

Governance principles for community‐centered conservation in the post‐2020 global biodiversity framework

Standardizing the evaluation of community‐based conservation success

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