Design, fabrication, and testing of the DARPA/Wright Lab 'smart wing' wind tunnel model

Kudva, Jayanth N.; Appa, K.; Martin, Christopher; Jardine, A. P.; Grumman, Northrop; Sendeckyj, GP; Harris, Terry; Patterson, Wright; Lake, Renee C.

doi:10.2514/6.1997-1198

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Perhaps two of the most well-known fixed-wing projects of the past are the Smart Wing program and the Smart Aircraft and Marine Propulsion System demonstration (SAMP-SON) [18,19]. The Smart Wing program was intended to develop and demonstrate the use of active materials, including SMAs, to optimize the performance of lifting bodies [20][21][22][23]. The project was split into two phases with the first being the most SMA-intensive.…”

Section: Fixed-wing Aircraft and Rotorcraft Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerospace applications of shape memory alloys

Hartl

Lagoudas

2007

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

708

336

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With the increased emphasis on both reliability and multi-functionality in the aerospace industry, active materials are fast becoming an enabling technology capturing the attention of an increasing number of engineers and scientists worldwide. This article reviews the class of active materials known as shape memory alloys (SMAs), especially as used in aerospace applications. To begin, a general overview of SMAs is provided. Their useful properties and engineering effects are described and the methods in which these may be utilized are discussed. A review of past and present aerospace applications is presented. The discussion addresses applications for both atmospheric earth flight as well as space flight. To complete the discussion, SMA design challenges and methodologies are addressed and the future of the field is examined.

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Section: Fixed-wing Aircraft and Rotorcraft Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerospace applications of shape memory alloys

Hartl

Lagoudas

2007

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

708

336

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“…They have used piezoelectric stimulus with a steel layer in airfoil. In 1997, Kudva et al (1997) have discussed smart structure technologies and their benefits. In 2003, Forster et al (2003) have designed a two-dimensional airfoil with a control surface in trailing edge that has a chord wise geometrical changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of smart flap for race car wings

Djavareshkian

Esmaeli

2012

IJAD

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Abstract:A pressure-based implicit procedure is due to solve Navier-Stokes equations. A non-orthogonal mesh with collocated finite volume formulation is used to simulate flow around the smart and conventional flaps of airfoil under the ground effect. Cantilever beam with uniformly varying load with roller support at the free end is considered for smart flaps. The boundedness criteria for this procedure are determined by a normalised variable diagram (NVD) scheme. The procedure incorporates the k -ε eddy-viscosity turbulence model. The method is first validated against experimental data. Then, the SIMPLE algorithm is applied for turbulent aerodynamic flows around airfoil with smart and conventional flaps for different attack angle, flap angle and ground clearance where the results of two flaps are compared. It is found that the pressure coefficient distribution in a smart flap is smoother than a conventional one. The comparisons show that the quality of the solution is considerable.

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“…Shape-memory alloys (SMAs) have become a popular material to use in such systems because of the large forces generated during the phase transformation and its excellent recovery of large strains. Recent developments of shape control include shape-changing airfoils altering the aerodynamic characteristics for enhanced performance within different flight regimes [1]. Many researchers have also investigated position and tracking control with shape-memory wires and springs [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced response of cylindrical shells coupled with nonlinear shape-memory-alloy (SMA) actuators regulated by sinusoidal and saw-tooth temperature profiles

DeHaven

Tzou

2008

J Eng Math

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Dynamic responses of cylindrical shells coupled with shape-memory alloy (SMA) ring segments placed at critical locations are investigated. Since the SMA actuators are highly nonlinear and governed by the temperatedependent stiffness and martensite/austenite fraction, input shaping and phase shift of temperature profiles are incorporated to control the shell vibrations. Open-loop equations of an elastic cylindrical shell panel are defined first and then used with assumed mode-shape functions satisfying specified boundary conditions in the free-vibration analysis. Modal-analysis data are used to determine spatial strain distributions of natural modes. Distributed modal-signal characteristics suggest optimal placements of SMA actuator segment(s) for each given mnth mode. Based on the modal-expansion method, the open-loop control force induced by the SMA ring segments applied to a simply supported cylindrical shell panel is formulated. This formulation indicates that only the odd modes in the circumferential direction can be controlled. Longitudinal modes are controlled via placing specific number, depending on the mode, of actuator segments along the panel length. To predict control effects of the nonlinear SMA ring segments, the modal participation factor response is determined for an external harmonic excitation applied to the shell along with induced SMA control forces, via sinusoidal and saw-tooth temperature profiles to generate desirable control forces and to eliminate the unwanted effects. Analysis results suggest that with proper choice of temperature waveform function to the SMA ring segments and minor modifications to frequency and phase, the SMA ring segments can attenuate unwanted external vibrations of cylindrical shells.

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Design, fabrication, and testing of the DARPA/Wright Lab 'smart wing' wind tunnel model

Cited by 55 publications

References 8 publications

Aerospace applications of shape memory alloys

Aerospace applications of shape memory alloys

Application of smart flap for race car wings

Forced response of cylindrical shells coupled with nonlinear shape-memory-alloy (SMA) actuators regulated by sinusoidal and saw-tooth temperature profiles

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