“…Recently, a series of new nanoparticle formulations have been proposed for X-PDT. These include Ce 0.85 Tb 0.15 F 3 nanoparticles in a CTAB chlorin e6 shell, 12CaOÁ7Al 2 O 3 :Tb 3+ nanocages, (Y 1-x Pr x ) 3 Al 5 O 12 nanocrystals, and GdVO 4 :Eu 3+ nanoparticles conjugated to methylene blue (Cooper, Capobianco, & Seuntjens, 2018;Jung et al, 2014;Li et al, 2017;Losytskyy et al, 2016Losytskyy et al, , 2017Song et al, 2018;Yefimova et al, 2017). However, none of these particles have yet moved beyond energetics analysis.…”