Design, Development and Implementation of a Smartphone Overdependence Management System for the Self-Control of Smart Devices

Lee, Seo-Joon; Rho, Mi Jung; Yook, In Hye; Park, Seung-Ho; Jang, Kwang-Soo; Park, Bum-Joon; Lee, Ook; Lee, Dong Kyun; Kim, Daijin; Choi, In Young

doi:10.3390/app6120440

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In our previous research, we proposed the Smartphone Overdependence Management System (SOMS), which is a management system, and solution for overdependence on smartphones (6). The SOMS was designed to deliver overuse prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services that are based on scientific evidence, which was mostly collected by the developed SOMS smartphone background software application (“app”).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting User Acceptance in Overuse of Smartphones in Mobile Health Services: An Empirical Study Testing a Modified Integrated Model in South Korea

et al. 2018

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Smartphones have become crucial in people's everyday lives, including in the medical field. However, as people become close to their smartphones, this leads easily to overuse. Overuse leads to fatigue due to lack of sleep, depressive symptoms, and social relationship failure, and in the case of adolescents, it hinders academic achievement. Self-control solutions are needed, and effective tools can be developed through behavioral analysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of users' intentions to use m-Health for smartphone overuse interventions. A research model was based on TAM and UTAUT, which were modified to be applied to the case of smartphone overuse. The studied population consisted of 400 randomly selected smartphone users aged from 19 to 60 years in South Korea. Structural equation modeling was conducted between variables to test the hypotheses using a 95% confidence interval. Perceived ease of use had a very strong direct positive association with perceived usefulness, and perceived usefulness had a very strong direct positive association with behavioral intention to use. Resistance to change had a direct positive association with behavioral intention to use and, lastly, social norm had a very strong direct positive association with behavioral intention to use. The findings that perceived ease of use influenced perceived usefulness, that perceived usefulness influenced behavioral intention to use, and social norm influenced behavioral intention to use were in accordance with prior related research. Other results that were not consistent with previous research imply that these are unique behavioral findings regarding smartphone overuse. This research identifies the critical factors that need to be considered when implementing systems or solutions in the future for tackling the issue of smartphone overuse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting User Acceptance in Overuse of Smartphones in Mobile Health Services: An Empirical Study Testing a Modified Integrated Model in South Korea

et al. 2018

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“…Data on Internet gaming characteristics were self-reported, including money spent on gaming, weekday game time, and weekend game time. If technology could be developed, such as the Smartphone Overdependence Management System (SOMS), to collect time or money data automatically [ 53 ], future research may provide more accurate and realistic results. We collected data using an online survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Internet Gaming Disorder: Psychological Factors and Internet Gaming Characteristics

Rho

Lee

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Background: Understanding the risk factors associated with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is important to predict and diagnose the condition. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors that predict IGD based on psychological factors and Internet gaming characteristics; Methods: Online surveys were conducted between 26 November and 26 December 2014. There were 3568 Korean Internet game users among a total of 5003 respondents. We identified 481 IGD gamers and 3087 normal Internet gamers, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify significant risk factors for IGD; Results: The following eight risk factors were found to be significantly associated with IGD: functional and dysfunctional impulsivity (odds ratio: 1.138), belief self-control (1.034), anxiety (1.086), pursuit of desired appetitive goals (1.105), money spent on gaming (1.005), weekday game time (1.081), offline community meeting attendance (2.060), and game community membership (1.393; p < 0.05 for all eight risk factors); Conclusions: These risk factors allow for the prediction and diagnosis of IGD. In the future, these risk factors could also be used to inform clinical services for IGD diagnosis and treatment.

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“…This study included individuals recruited from various parts of South Korea (Metropolitan area, Chungcheong-do, Gyeongsang-do, Jeolla-do, and Gangwon-do/Jeju-do) from October 2018 to February 2019 through the smartphone overdependence management system. The smartphone overdependence management system is a mobile app–based system, developed in a prior study [ 28 ], to identify and examine factors associated with smartphone overdependence that can help prevent and monitor smartphone overreliance. Thus, the smartphone overdependence management system provided us with information about excessive smartphone use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive Smartphone Use and Self-Esteem Among Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder: Quantitative Survey Study

Kim

Choi

Kim

2020

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Smartphone overuse can harm individual health and well-being. Although several studies have explored the relationship between problematic or excessive smartphone use and mental health, much less is known about effects on self-esteem, which is essential in having a healthy life, among adults with mental health disorders, including internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, given that smartphone usage differs by gender, little is known about gender differences in the relationship between smartphone overuse and self-esteem. Objective The objective of this study was to assess self-esteem among individuals with mental health disorders and explore the relationship with excessive smartphone use. Methods Participants were selected based on their responses to the internet gaming disorder assessment, which includes 9 items developed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria, from among a Korean cohort of smartphone users aged 20-40 years, resulting in a sample of 189 participants (men:120, women: 69). The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale were utilized to assess the outcome self-esteem with excessive smartphone use as the primary independent variable. Guided by the Bowlby attachment theory and prior studies, we selected several covariates. Generalized linear regression analyses, as well as subgroup analyses by gender, were performed. Results Among adults with internet gaming disorder, the average Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score was significantly higher in women than that in men (41.30 vs. 37.94; P=.001), and excessive smartphone use was significantly more prevalent in women than it was in men (30.43% vs. 20.83%; P=.02). Our findings from the generalized linear regression analyses indicated that an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score had a negative relationship with self-esteem among those with internet gaming disorder (β=–0.18, P=.001). Furthermore, our interaction models showed that, among those with internet gaming disorder, more men than women had lower self-esteem associated with an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score and a high degree of smartphone overuse (β=–0.19, P=.004; β=–3.73, P<.001). Conclusions Excessive smartphone use was found to be adversely associated with self-esteem among young and middle-aged adults with internet gaming disorder; notably, more men than women were negatively influenced (regarding self-esteem) by smartphone overuse. Based on our findings, more efforts should be made to reduce excessive or problematic smartphone use by considering developing public health interventions or policy, particularly among those with mental health disorders such as internet gaming disorder.

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Design, Development and Implementation of a Smartphone Overdependence Management System for the Self-Control of Smart Devices

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Factors Affecting User Acceptance in Overuse of Smartphones in Mobile Health Services: An Empirical Study Testing a Modified Integrated Model in South Korea

Factors Affecting User Acceptance in Overuse of Smartphones in Mobile Health Services: An Empirical Study Testing a Modified Integrated Model in South Korea

Risk Factors for Internet Gaming Disorder: Psychological Factors and Internet Gaming Characteristics

Excessive Smartphone Use and Self-Esteem Among Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder: Quantitative Survey Study

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