A novel hydrazone
ligand (o-H2BMP) N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-oxo-3-(2-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)propanamide
alongside its Cu(II), Cd(II), and VO(II) complexes were prepared and
structurally characterized via various spectroscopic analyses (Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy, liquid chromatography coupled
to mass spectrometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy)
as well as by elemental analysis, thermal gravimetry analysis/differential
thermal analysis, and magnetic moment measurements. Powder X-ray diffraction
analysis was also performed for the free ligand and its metal complexes
to determine the crystallographic structures and atomic spacing. It
also provided information on unit cell dimensions and the average
crystallite size. Furthermore, geometric optimization and computational
studies were carried out by applying Gaussian (09) software based
on density-functional theory coupled with the B3LYP functional and
LANL2DZ/6-31+G(d,p) mixed basis set to evaluate some distinct features
such as molecular electrostatic potential, E
HOMO, and E
LUMO. Moreover, electrochemical
measurements were performed for Cu(II) in the absence/presence of
the chelating agent to predict the effect of complexation interaction
in the solution state study. As part of the biological examination,
antioxidant and antimicrobial assays were conducted for each compound
individually, in addition to cytotoxicity evaluations via MTT assays
for all isolated complexes compared to the corresponding metal salts.
The MOE (molecular operating environment) approach was also applied
to model the interface between the isolated compounds and proteins
that were expressed in breast cancer at the atomic level.