Design, Control, and Validation of a Charge-Sustaining Parallel Hybrid Bicycle

Corno, Matteo; Berretta, Daniele; Spagnol, Pierfrancesco; Savaresi, Sergio M.

doi:10.1109/tcst.2015.2473821

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The wheeled robot that will be built is a branch of mobile robot technology with a simple mechanical system and widely applied in-vehicle technology. The main actuator which is widely used in rolling robot technology is an electric motor with DC motor type that has more reliable and cheaper than other electric motors [6]. The control method with a constant algorithm will not be effective especially when this wheeled mobile robot runs at a predetermined pace [7].…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of Fuzzy-PID Controller for Four-Wheeled Mobile Robotic Stability: A Case Study on the Uphill Road

Raafi'u

Darwito

Zain

et al. 2020

IJOE

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Design intelligent control to maximize the performance of the Four-Wheeled Mobile Robot (FWMR) in case of uphill road problems. The variation of slope angle and load variation on the uphill road is applied to know the performance of the automatic control system on FWMR. The research is divided into three two covering, system identification, design system and simulation testing. The Rotary speed control system response with fuzzy-PID control method has a good performance by anticipating various tilt angle 5 o. The system can through uphill with loads 11N with a steady time and fast travel time. The best travel time in the 5 o tilt angle condition is 2 seconds with a 4m circuit length. This research concludes that fuzzy-PID control can be implemented and increase the dynamic response of the FWMR effectively on the uphill road problems.

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Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of Fuzzy-PID Controller for Four-Wheeled Mobile Robotic Stability: A Case Study on the Uphill Road

Raafi'u

Darwito

Zain

et al. 2020

IJOE

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“…The lowest prices were obtained for the hybrid storage implementations (battery-FC and SC-FC) and the highest for the FC implementation. * According to estimations and average values, 1 according to reference [69], 2 according to reference [25], 3 according to reference [17], for the tested pedelec, 4 according to reference [33], 5 according to reference [39], for the tested models, 6 according to reference [70], 7 according to reference [49], 8 according to reference [71], 9 according to reference [22], 10 according to reference [72], 11 according to reference [73], 12 according to reference [21], 13 according to reference [74], 14 according to reference [75], 15 according to reference [76], 16 according to reference [77], 17 according to reference [23], 18 according to reference [58], 19 according to reference [60], 20 according to reference [78], 21 according to reference [79], 22 according to reference [67]. Table 9.…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessment Of Hybrid Storage Implementations/solumentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Machedon-Pisu

Borza

2019

Sustainability

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As the title suggests, the sustainability of personal electric vehicles is in question. In terms of life span, range, comfort, and safety, electric vehicles, such as e-cars and e-buses, are much better than personal electric vehicles, such as e-bikes. However, electric vehicles present greater costs and increased energy consumption. Also, the impact on environment, health, and fitness is more negative than that of personal electric vehicles. Since transportation vehicles can benefit from hybrid electric storage solutions, we address the following question: Is it possible to reach a compromise between sustainability and technology constraints by implementing a low-cost hybrid personal electric vehicle with improved life span and range that is also green? Our methodology consists of life cycle assessment and performance analyses tackling the facets of the sustainability challenges (economy, society, and environment) and limitations of the electric storage solutions (dependent on technology and application) presented herein. The hybrid electric storage system of the proposed hybrid e-bike is made of batteries, supercapacitors, and corresponding power electronics, allowing the optimal control of power flows between the system's components and application's actuators.Our hybrid e-bike costs less than a normal e-bike (half or less), does not depend on battery operation for short periods of time (a few seconds), has better autonomy than most personal electric vehicles (more than 60 km), has a greater life span (a few years more than a normal e-bike), has better energy efficiency (more than 90%), and is much cleaner due to the reduced number of batteries replaced per life time (one instead of two or three).

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“…where the subscript r reveals that such estimate comes from the so-called EKF gear ratio tracker (18). In fact, this nomenclature suggests the chance to directly obtain g from k by simply recalling their algebraic relationship (5). The scheme of this estimator is illustrated in Figure 6.…”

Section: Indirect Cadence Estimation Via Gear Ratio Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, they are attracting the attention not only of the industry (the market is posed to reach a value of 2 billion USD by 2050) but also of the scientific community. Researchers have focused mainly on 3 different directions, ie, (1) the study of the impact of EPAC's on the pedaling efficiency, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] (2) the design of efficient actuation devices, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and (3) solving sensing issues as slope estimation 19 and pedaling torque measurement. [20][21][22]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time cycling cadence estimation via wheel speed measurement

Rallo

Formentin

Corno

et al. 2018

Adaptive Control & Signal

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The need to reduce emissions and improve mobility in overcrowded cities is promoting the use of bicycles as transportation means. Bicycles have a small footprint, are easy to use, and cost effective. The introduction of modern electric bicycles has also widened the user base, extending the reach of bicycles as a commuter's option. Electric bicycles, in order to meet regulation standards, need sensors that are not usually available on muscular bicycles, like torque or cadence sensors. In this paper, we develop a cadence estimation strategy based on the wheel speed encoder only, thus allowing to remove the cadence sensor. Specifically, we propose 2 approaches, ie, a direct cadence estimate and an indirect one via gear ratio estimate. Both estimation problems are shown to be equivalent to a frequency tracking problem, which can be solved by Kalman filtering. The final algorithm embeds a logic supervisor that guarantees the reliability of the procedure in all working conditions, including freewheeling. The whole analysis and development are based upon a thorough experimental campaign using an instrumented bicycle.

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Design, Control, and Validation of a Charge-Sustaining Parallel Hybrid Bicycle

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Design and Development of Fuzzy-PID Controller for Four-Wheeled Mobile Robotic Stability: A Case Study on the Uphill Road

Design and Development of Fuzzy-PID Controller for Four-Wheeled Mobile Robotic Stability: A Case Study on the Uphill Road

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Real‐time cycling cadence estimation via wheel speed measurement

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