Design, construction, and operation of an actively controlled deep-sea CO 2 enrichment experiment using a cabled observatory system

Kirkwood, William; Walz, P. M.; Peltzer, Edward T.; Barry, James; Herlien, R.; Headley, K.; Kecy, C. D.; Matsumoto, George I.; Maughan, Thom; O’Reilly, Thomas C.; Salamy, Karen A.; Shane, F.; Brewer, Peter G.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.005

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The newest methods in ocean acidification research are the free‐ocean CO 2 enrichment (FOCE) systems, which are designed to assess the impact of lowered pH on biological communities in situ over weeks to months (Gattuso et al., ). These systems include natural daily and seasonal pH changes as well as interspecific relationships and food webs (Barry et al., ; Kirkwood et al., ; Kline et al., ); however, the logistics of these systems are extremely challenging with replication a particular limitation due to cost and feasibility (Gattuso et al., ). A different and rarely used approach in the ocean acidification community is to evaluate changes over many decades in museum collections to determine how organisms have been affected by past environmental change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 120‐year record of resilience to environmental change in brachiopods

Cross

Harper

Peck

2018

Global Change Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inability of organisms to cope in changing environments poses a major threat to their survival. Rising carbon dioxide concentrations, recently exceeding 400 μatm, are rapidly warming and acidifying our oceans. Current understanding of organism responses to this environmental phenomenon is based mainly on relatively short- to medium-term laboratory and field experiments, which cannot evaluate the potential for long-term acclimation and adaptation, the processes identified as most important to confer resistance. Here, we present data from a novel approach that assesses responses over a centennial timescale showing remarkable resilience to change in a species predicted to be vulnerable. Utilising museum collections allows the assessment of how organisms have coped with past environmental change. It also provides a historical reference for future climate change responses. We evaluated a unique specimen collection of a single species of brachiopod (Calloria inconspicua) collected every decade from 1900 to 2014 from one sampling site. The majority of brachiopod shell characteristics remained unchanged over the past century. One response, however, appears to reinforce their shell by constructing narrower punctae (shell perforations) and laying down more shell. This study indicates one of the most calcium-carbonate-dependent species globally to be highly resilient to environmental change over the last 120 years and provides a new insight for how similar species might react and possibly adapt to future change.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 120‐year record of resilience to environmental change in brachiopods

Cross

Harper

Peck

2018

Global Change Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Extant mesocosm systems, however, do not generally allow controlled manipulation of the underwater climate including natural fluctuations as driven by season, hydrography and biology. Systems that come close to the requirement to add dynamic delta treatments to intrinsic natural fluctuations are the Free Ocean CO 2 Enrichment (FOCE) System (Kline et al ; Gattuso et al ; Kirkwood et al ) and the mesocosms described by Jokiel et al (2014a) as treated in more detail in the discussion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A mesocosm concept for the simulation of near-natural shallow underwater climates: The Kiel Outdoor Benthocosms (KOB)

Wahl

Buchholz

Winde

et al. 2015

Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biogenic, seasonal, and stochastic fluctuations at various scales characterize coastal marine habitats and modulate environmental stress. The relevance of most past studies into climate change impacts is weakened by the usually intentional exclusion of fluctuations from the experimental design. We describe a new outdoor mesocosm system for benthic research (“benthocosms”) which permit the control and manipulation of several environmental variables while admitting all natural in situ fluctuations. This is achieved by continuously measuring the relevant variables (e.g., temperature, pH, O2, CO2) in situ, defining these in real time as reference values in the control software and simulating target climates by delta treatments. The latter constitute the manipulative addition of predefined changes (e.g., “warming”, “acidification”) to the reference values. We illustrate the performance of the system by presenting the environmental data of four seasonal experiments which together represent an entire year. The “Kiel Outdoor Benthocosms” allow realizing near‐natural climate change experiments on complex benthic communities under controlled scenarios.

show abstract

“…This technique was later used to great effect and on a large scale in executing a deep-sea cabled observatory ocean acidification experiment Kirkwood et al, 2014).…”

Section: Developing Quantitative Raman Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%