Design considerations for future DEMO gyrotrons: A review on related gyrotron activities within EUROfusion

Jelonnek, John; Aiello, G.; Alberti, S.; Avramidis, K.; Braunmueller, F.; Bruschi, A.; Chelis, Ioannis; Franck, J.; Franke, Thomas; Gantenbein, G.; Garavaglia, S.; Granucci, G.; Grossetti, G.; Illy, S.; Ioannidis, Zisis C.; Jin, Jianbo; Kalaria, P.; Latsas, George P.; Pagonakis, I.; Rzesnicki, T.; Ruess, S.; Scherer, T.; Schmid, Martin; Strauß, D.; Wu, Chuanren; Tigelis, I. G.; Thumm, M.; Tran, M.Q.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.01.047

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several rings are packed in the thin annulus constituting the cavity, in which the electromagnetic interaction occurs, and brazed together thanks to the coating, resulting in a porous structure with high thermal conductivity. The RR technology in the cavity resonator was already proven to be capable of managing heat load peaks up to ~20 MW/m 2 , but its suitability to bear the even higher heat fluxes, foreseen for the European Union (EU) DEMOnstration power plant gyrotron [7], is under investigation, in view of the uncertainties in its removal capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That option, consisting of a series of circular or semi-circular channels drilled all around the cavity, exploits a high-speed turbulent flow for the coolant and, thus, large heat transfer coefficient, overcoming the RR limitations in terms of low water-flow velocity. If, on the one hand, the MC option can overcome the RR option The actual cooling systems of the W7-X and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) European Gyrotrons [6], [7], namely, Thales TH1507 and Thales TH1509, respectively, are based on the Thales patented Raschig rings (RRs) technology [8], a well-known technological solution adopted originally as column packing in distillation and then in packed beds, especially for chemical processes [9]. A Raschig's ring (RR), named after its inventor, is a small hollow cylinder (with the same length and height) made from copper, coated with a metal alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Test and Modeling of the Hydraulic Performance of High-Efficiency Cooling Configurations for Gyrotron Resonance Cavities

et al. 2020

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The design and manufacturing of different full-size mock-ups of the resonance cavity of gyrotrons, relevant for fusion applications, were performed according to two different cooling strategies. The first one relies on mini-channels, which are very promising in the direction of increasing the heat transfer in the heavily loaded cavity, but which could face an excessively large pressure drop, while the second one adopts the solution of Raschig rings, already successfully used in European operating gyrotrons. The mock-ups, manufactured with conventional techniques, were hydraulically characterized at the Thales premises, using water at room temperature. The measured pressure drop data were used to validate the corresponding numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, developed with the commercial software STAR-CCM+ (Siemens PLM Software, Plano TX, U.S.A.) and resulting in excellent agreement with the test results. When the validated models were used to compare the two optimized cooling configurations, it resulted that, for the same water flow, the mini-channel strategy gave a pressure drop was two-fold greater than that of the Raschig rings strategy, allowing a maximum flow rate of 1 × 10−3 m3/s to meet a maximum allowable pressure drop of 0.5 MPa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test and Modeling of the Hydraulic Performance of High-Efficiency Cooling Configurations for Gyrotron Resonance Cavities

et al. 2020

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“…The DEMOnstration fusion power plant will require gyrotrons to have higher than 60% overall efficiency. A coaxial-cavity gyrotron for DEMO is under an early stage of development, 1 wherein a Multistage Depressed Collector (MDC) will be the key component to achieve the target efficiency. However, the design of a high-power fusion gyrotron MDC is nontrivial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gyrotron multistage depressed collector based on E × B drift concept using azimuthal electric field. II: Upgraded designs

Pagonakis

Albert

et al. 2019

Physics of Plasmas

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Multistage Depressed Collectors (MDCs) are nontrivial for high-frequency gyrotrons. A basic conceptual design of an E Â B MDC using azimuthal electric fields was proposed in Part I of this series. In the present work, several upgraded design proposals based on the basic one will be elaborated. These proposals will significantly reduce the back-stream of electrons, which was the main drawback of the basic design proposal. Another upgraded design proposal will shrink the length and maximal radius of the MDC to be only a fraction of its full-length version. A conceptual design of the final MDC proposal will be given at the end.Published under license by AIP Publishing. https://doi.

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“…The work breakdown structure of WPHCD, launched in 2014, includes branches dedicated to the conceptual design of the electron cyclotron wave system [5], as well to R&D focused mainly on the microwave source, the gyrotron [6]. Gyrotron R&D is a necessary step to bridge the gap between today's state-of-the-art gyrotrons and future gyrotrons for DEMO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of recent gyrotron R&D towards DEMO within EUROfusion Work Package Heating and Current Drive

et al. 2019

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Design considerations for future DEMO gyrotrons: A review on related gyrotron activities within EUROfusion

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Test and Modeling of the Hydraulic Performance of High-Efficiency Cooling Configurations for Gyrotron Resonance Cavities

Test and Modeling of the Hydraulic Performance of High-Efficiency Cooling Configurations for Gyrotron Resonance Cavities

Gyrotron multistage depressed collector based on E × B drift concept using azimuthal electric field. II: Upgraded designs

Overview of recent gyrotron R&D towards DEMO within EUROfusion Work Package Heating and Current Drive

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