Design Consideration, Challenges and Measurement Aspects of 5g Mm-Wave Antennas: A Review

Abstract

With the supersonic growth of mobile data demand, the fifth generation (5G) mobile network would exploit the extensive amount of spectrum in the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) bands to tremendously increase communication capacity. There are conceptual differences between mm-Wave communications and other existing communication systems, in terms of high propagation loss, directivity, and sensitivity to blockage. These characteristics of mm-Wave communications present several challenges to completely exploit the potential of mm-Wave communications, including integrated circuits and system design, interference management, spatial reuse, anti-blockage, and dynamics control. 5G mobile communication systems with sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave bands are already replacing 4G and 4.5G systems as an evolution towards higher-speed mobile communication and wider bandwidth. From the hardware perspective, the 5G-band causes the miniaturization of RF components including the antennas. In this article, an overview of recent research is presented that discusses design challenges and measurement considerations for various types of compact 5G antennas.

Defected Ground Structure Based High Gain, Wideband and High Diversity Performance Quad-element MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-wave Communication

“…The ECC defines the correlation among antenna elements for diversity performance, and it can be computed from S-parameters through Eq. ( 1) [33].…”

“…Similarly, it is also observed from far-field that ECC < 0.0016 and DG > 9.999992 dB which ensure the good diversity performance at mmWave band. CCL is another key parameter that provides channel capacity loss during the correlation effect of MIMO system and the accepted value of CCL < 0.5 bits/sec/Hz for good diversity [33]. Correspondingly, TARC is an important characteristic of a MIMO system to achieve effective impedance bandwidth.…”

“…Correspondingly, TARC is an important characteristic of a MIMO system to achieve effective impedance bandwidth. It is the ratio of the square root of the total reflected power to the total incident power [33] and the accepted value of TARC < 0 dB. Figs.…”