Design, Characterization, and Antibacterial Performance of MAPLE-Deposited Coatings of Magnesium Phosphate-Containing Silver Nanoparticles in Biocompatible Concentrations

Abstract

Bone disorders and traumas represent a common type of healthcare emergency affecting men and women worldwide. Since most of these diseases imply surgery, frequently complicated by exogenous or endogenous infections, there is an acute need for improving their therapeutic approaches, particularly in clinical conditions requiring orthopedic implants. Various biomaterials have been investigated in the last decades for their potential to increase bone regeneration and prevent orthopedic infections. The present study aimed to develop a series of MAPLE-deposited coatings composed of magnesium phosphate (Mg3(PO4)2) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) designed to ensure osteoblast proliferation and anti-infective properties simultaneously. Mg3(PO4)2 and AgNPs were obtained through the cooling bath reaction and chemical reduction, respectively, and then characterized through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). Subsequently, the obtained coatings were evaluated by Infrared Microscopy (IRM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Their biological properties show that the proposed composite coatings exhibit well-balanced biocompatibility and antibacterial activity, promoting osteoblasts viability and proliferation and inhibiting the adherence and growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two of the most important agents of orthopedic implant-associated infections.

Bioactive Hydroxyapatite-Magnesium Phosphate Coatings Deposited by MAPLE for Preventing Infection and Promoting Orthopedic Implants Osteointegration

“…Similarly, the MgP nanopowders were characterized through XRD, TEM, and SAED. Results were published elsewhere [ 53 ]. The acquired diffractogram confirms the formation of magnesium phosphate in the P21/n monoclinic system through the specific diffraction peaks and the corresponding Miller indices (JCPDS no.…”

“…Moreover, the agglomeration tendency and the polyhedral shape of the MgP particles can be observed through TEM images. The SAED patterns reveal the presence of spots, which are generally characteristic of monocrystalline materials [ 53 ].…”

Silver/Graphene Oxide Nanostructured Coatings for Modulating the Microbial Susceptibility of Fixation Devices Used in Knee Surgery

“…In agreement with previous studies, an easy and high-yield reduction protocol was used for the synthesis of nanosilver [31,140]. Briefly, the metallic precursor solution, AgNO 3 1%, was added dropwise to the reducing/stabilizing solution (C 6 H 12 O 6 and C 18 H 35 NaO 2 dispersed in NaOH 10% solution).…”

Is Silver Addition to Scaffolds Based on Polycaprolactone Blended with Calcium Phosphates Able to Inhibit Candida albicans and Candida auris Adhesion and Biofilm Formation?

“…Worldwide, both men and women are affected by different bone disorders or traumas that represent a challenge for healthcare in an emergency setting. In these cases, orthopedic surgery is necessary but it has some drawbacks, such as infection risk, nerve damage, prolonged pain, and morbidity [ 1 ]. In natural conditions, bone tissue follows a spontaneous regeneration process based on a step-by-step deposition of new bone, thanks to the involvement of different cell types and molecular signaling [ 2 ].…”

“…Moreover, the blending of this polymer with calcium phosphates, principally biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)—a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)—guarantees a very close similarity to the constituents of natural bone [ 7 , 9 , 10 ]. Recently, BCP has shown more suitability for orthopedic applications, compared to HA and β-TCP single phases, due to its good biocompatibility, useful mechanical characteristics, and suitable biodegradability [ 1 ]. Furthermore, its addition to a polymer matrix allows faster bone regeneration by inducing osteoblast differentiation and proliferation into the scaffold.…”