Design Approach for Rockfall Barriers Tested According to ETAG 027

Grimod, Alberto; Giacchetti, Giorgio

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_16

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Concerning the need to define the least costly substitute of the forest function [33], ASFORESEE satisfies this requisite by adopting the ETAG027 European guidelines, which allow the design of a standardized and cost-effective structure [40]. Although kinetic energy may not always be a sufficient reference factor to design a facility, it has been proven how this value represents the most relevant factor [55]. Nevertheless, the precautionary approach adopted by ASFORESEE ensures a wide safety margin by including three safety factors in Equation (1) and considering the 95th percentile for the target block.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASFORESEE: A Harmonized Model for Economic Evaluation of Forest Protection against Rockfall

Accastello¹,

Bianchi²,

Blanc³

et al. 2019

Forests

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Gravitational hazards, such as rockfall, constitute a major risk in mountainous areas, threatening dwellers, goods, and infrastructures, and ultimately posing a challenge to their development. Ecosystem-based solutions for Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR), such as protection forests, can play a significant role in mitigating these risks by integrating the protective structures currently adopted, which are often costly and could entail higher environmental impacts. This study develops an economic model called ASFORESEE (Alpine Space FORest Ecosystem Services Economic Evaluation) to assess the protective service forests provide against rockfall within a standardized framework adopting a precautionary approach. The Replacement Cost approach was adopted, measuring the protection effectiveness, the need for protection of the stakeholders and defining a harmonized method for the design of the defensive structures. Applying the model to a case study in the Italian Alps, the results show the forest has a relevant protective effect able to fulfil the stakeholders’ needs, with a value of 30,440 € ha−1, equal to 950 € ha−1 year−1, within the 25-year timespan considered. ASFORESEE could feasibly be adopted in other mountainous contexts, due to its harmonized structure reliant on minimal assumptions. Its adoption would foster the acknowledgment of the forest role and to further support the inclusion of Eco-DRR in local risk management plans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASFORESEE: A Harmonized Model for Economic Evaluation of Forest Protection against Rockfall

Accastello¹,

Bianchi²,

Blanc³

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…As a result, heuristic techniques are usually used in the selection of some inputs. In areas where a fire has occurred, these estimates are no longer valid because of the effect that the fire may have had on the source areas and propagation zone, and hence the changes that may occur in the volume of the rock block and the rockfall trajectories [107][108][109].…”

Section: Degradation and Obsolescence Of Protective Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Wildfire on Rockfall Occurrence: A Review through Actual Cases in Spain

et al. 2021

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Understanding processes and conditions that lead to rockfalls during and after a wildfire in different geological contexts is crucial since this phenomenon is one of the major hazards in mountainous regions across Europe. Spain is one of the European countries with the highest rate of wildfires, and rockfalls cause high economic and social impact, with many fatalities every year. The increase of rockfalls during and after wildfires is connected with the merging of different factors, not only in the detached area but also in the propagation and potentially affected area. When wildfire occurred, many actions take place: changes in the mechanical conditions of the rocks, the loss of protective capacity from vegetation, the effect induced by firefighting activities and/or the impact by the high temperatures in the adopted protective measures. After the wildfire, there is an increase in frequency and intensity of rockfalls in the burned area, causing a major impact of rockfalls on not only road networks and built-up areas but also people living. Additionally, the removal of vegetation by wildfires causes an increase in the risk perception, related not only to detached blocks but also to the general appearance of the rock mass. In this review, the main factors that influence the occurrence of rockfalls after a wildfire are analyzed, and three actual case studies in Spain are presented to support the variety of conclusions obtained.

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“…Figure 1 shows dry granular flows along the road. Dry granular flow hazards can cause substantial damage to critical buildings and infrastructure and travel delays on roads (Grimod et al 2014;Albaba et al 2018). In 2017, the Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in China caused more than 5000 landslides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of maximum impact force exerted by dry granular flows on a rigid barrier

Yuan,

Wen,

Pei

2023

Preprint

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Rigid barriers are protective structures widely used in mountainous regions to resist the destructive impacts of dry granular flows originating from shallow landslides or collapses. The determination of the maximum impact force exerted by dry granular flows is crucial in designing rigid barriers. In this study, we conducted laboratory tests in which we examined the weight and particle shape of dry granular flows, as well as the drop height, incident angle, and thickness of the rigid barrier, to investigate the impact force on the rigid barrier. The results indicated that the strongest impact was concentrated at the centre of the rigid barrier, particularly in the lower centre area of the barrier. A new approach is proposed to estimate the maximum impact force on rigid barriers exerted by dry granular flows. In addition, a new impact equation for calculating the maximum impact force that explicitly considers the effects of rigid barrier structural properties on the impact dynamics based on the modulus, Poisson's ratio, and thickness and the particle shape effects based on different shape coefficients is proposed. Based on this new approach, agreement between the prediction results and the observation results was obtained.

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Design Approach for Rockfall Barriers Tested According to ETAG 027

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

ASFORESEE: A Harmonized Model for Economic Evaluation of Forest Protection against Rockfall

ASFORESEE: A Harmonized Model for Economic Evaluation of Forest Protection against Rockfall

Effects of Wildfire on Rockfall Occurrence: A Review through Actual Cases in Spain

Experimental investigation of maximum impact force exerted by dry granular flows on a rigid barrier

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