Design and Verification of Underwater Electric Field Communication System Based Spread Spectrum Techniques

Lu, Tao; Hu, Qiao; Xu, Dianguo; Feng, Xinglong; Zhang, Yuzhong

doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0479-2_130

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The underwater static communication experiments demonstrated that the designed DSSS BPSK wireless communication system could transmit information error-free up to 11.2 m. The DSSS BPSK system spreads the spectrum of interference and noise, thereby reducing interference power within the signal band and enhancing the demodulator's input signal-to-noise ratio. Compared to previous work, this system achieved a 40% increase in communication range and a 28% decrease in power consumption [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In comparison, under the same transmission power, the communication distance was 2.4 m for the 2ASK modulation and 3.8 m for the FSK modulation. In contrast, this system has a longer communication range at the same bit error rate [28]. Static single-node ranging experiments were carried out to evaluate the underwater communication effects and maximum communication range of this underwater current electric field communication system.…”

Section: Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Underwater Electric Field Communication Based on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Modulation

Zhang,

Zhao,

Feng

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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Stable communication technologies in complex waters are a prerequisite for underwater operations. Underwater acoustic communication is susceptible to multipath interference, while underwater optical communication is susceptible to environmental impact. The underwater electric field communication established based on the weak electric fish perception mechanism is not susceptible to environmental interference, and the communication is stable. It is a new type of underwater communication technology. To address issues like short communication distances and high bit error rates in existing underwater electric field communication systems, this study focuses on underwater electric field communication systems based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation techniques. To verify the feasibility of the established spread spectrum electric field communication system, static communication experiments were carried out in a swimming pool using the DSSS-based system. The experimental results show that in fresh water with a conductivity of 739 μS/cm, the system can achieve underwater current electric field communication within a 11.2 m range with 10−6 bit errors. This paper validates the feasibility of DSSS BPSK in short-range underwater communication, and compact communication devices are expected to be deployed on underwater robots for underwater operations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Underwater Electric Field Communication Based on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Modulation

Zhang,

Zhao,

Feng

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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show abstract

“…Therefore, the detection sensitivity of the quadrant detector will increase by a factor of √ G P . According to Formula (22), the detection performance of the QA-4000 quadrant detector from the First Sensor company is simulated. The detector's parameters are as follows: the photosensitive area diameter is 4 mm, the responsivity ρ is 0.36 A/W, the avalanche multiplication factor M is 100, the bandwidth ∆ f is 50 MHz, the dark current in each quadrant I D is 7 nA, and the load resistance R L is 10 kΩ.…”

Section: Analysis Of Detection Sensitivity For Qd Under Spread-spectr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because noise is uncorrelated with the PRN, once the correlation operation has been performed, the spectrum of noise is spread, and the spectral density is reduced. Therefore, the power of the interference signals falling into the communication signal frequency band is reduced, thereby achieving anti-interference and improving the SNR at the receiver output [21][22][23]. Spread-spectrum technology is applied to beacon light detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision Position Detection and Communication Fusion Technology Using Beacon Spread-Spectrum Modulation with Four-Quadrant Detector

Chen,

Yu,

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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In space laser communication, the wide divergence angle of beacon light leads to substantial spatial losses, compounded by background light and detector noise; this results in compromised precision in the detection of the beacon light position. To solve this problem, a high-precision detection technique and communication composite technology employing a four-quadrant detector (QD) with beacon spread-spectrum modulation are proposed. Pseudo-random sequences (PRNs) are employed to spread the beacon communication spectrum, with the spread-spectrum signal utilized to modulate the intensity of the transmitted beacon light at the transmitter end. At the receiver, QD photocurrent signals are cross-correlated with an identical PRN that is used for modulation. The strong auto-correlation properties of PRNs, which are uncorrelated with noise, enhance the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), enabling precise position detection and beacon communication under high-SNR conditions. Theoretical analysis is used to explore the effects of spreading gain on the sensitivity of system detection and the precision of position detection. The experimental results demonstrate that the beacon spread-spectrum modulation scheme effectively detects the position of the light spot. At a received optical power of −37 dBm and spreading sequence PRN depths of 1023, 127, and 31, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) values are 0.983 μm, 2.876 μm, and 7.275 μm, respectively. This corresponds to improvements of 14.96 dB, 10.29, dB, and 6.26 dB compared to direct detection precision (30.811 μm). Additionally, under an identical signal bandwidth, the sensitivity improves by 14.6 dB, 10.1 dB, and 6.4 dB, respectively. The proposed beacon spread-spectrum scheme mitigates the limitations of hardware reception sensitivity and position-detection precision, demonstrating its potential application in high-precision detection in long-distance interstellar laser communication.

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Design and Verification of Underwater Electric Field Communication System Based Spread Spectrum Techniques

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Implementation of Underwater Electric Field Communication Based on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Modulation

Implementation of Underwater Electric Field Communication Based on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Modulation

High-Precision Position Detection and Communication Fusion Technology Using Beacon Spread-Spectrum Modulation with Four-Quadrant Detector

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