Design and testing of electrochemical oxygen sensors for service in liquid lead alloys

Schroer, Carsten; Konys, J.; Verdaguer, Ariadna; Abella, Jordi; Gessi, Alessandro; Kobzová, Alena; Babayan, Stella; Courouau, Jean-Louis

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.04.045

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Oxygen concentration of 10 -9 wt% in LBE can be measured using the Pt/gas reference sensor. Konys et al and Schroer et al also showed validation of oxygen sensors from calibration tests in saturated and unsaturated LBE (Konys et al, 2001;Schroer et al, 2011). On the basis of the results obtained in the present test, it is found that the Pt/air reference sensor enables us to measure oxygen concentration correctly in LBE above 450C.…”

Section: E=0791-4668x10 -4 T-4309x10 -5 Tlncosupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The influence of the thermoelectric valgtages on measurement was investegated in detail (Schroer et al, 2011). …”

Section: Theory Of Oxygen Concentration Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An electrometer with high impedence of 10 14  was used for measurement of the EMF both in gas and in LBE. Schroer et al conducted calibration tests using not only Pb/Pb-monoxiside (PbO) but also Co/Co-monoxide (CoO) and Fe/Fe-oxide equilibria in liquid LBE (Schroer et al, 2011). Figure 4 shows a schematic drawing (a) and appearance (b) of the Pt/gas reference sensor used in measurement of oxygen concentration in gas (Kurata et al, 2010).…”

Section: Electromotive Force Measurement Using Oxygen Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Konys et al (Konys et al, 2001(Konys et al, , 2004 and Schroer et al (Schroer et al, 2011) showed that YSZ sensors using a Pt/air reference electrode and a Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrode were promising in LBE as a result of tests of sensors using Pt/air, Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 and Mo/In-In 2 O 3 reference electrodes. Furthermore, it was reported that the Pt/air reference electrode sensor exhibited better reliability and longer lifetime than the Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrode (Konys et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calibration method firstly proposed by Konys et al (Konys et al, 2001) is based on measurement of electromotive force (EMF) of the oxygen sensor following temperature variation under the condition close to oxygen saturation in LBE. Calibration methods using Co/CoO or Fe/Fe-oxide equilibrium in liquid LBE besides Pb/PbO equilibrium (oxygensaturated condition) were also attempted (Schroer et al, 2011). The YSZ sensors with the Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrode have been manufactured and used by other researchers (Li, 2002;Kondo et al, 2006;Num et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Application of Electromotive Force Measurement in Nuclear Systems Using Lead Alloys

Kurata¹

2011

Electromotive Force and Measurement in Several Systems

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Section: E=0791-4668x10 -4 T-4309x10 -5 Tlncosupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The influence of the thermoelectric valgtages on measurement was investegated in detail (Schroer et al, 2011). …”

Section: Theory Of Oxygen Concentration Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electromotive Force Measurement Using Oxygen Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Electromotive Force Measurement in Nuclear Systems Using Lead Alloys

Kurata¹

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Low Temperature Performance of LBE Oxygen Sensors with Different Reference Electrodes

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et al. 2023

Springer Proceedings in Physics

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Stress-induced degradation of 5 mol% yttria–zirconia in water at 300 °C

Vandermeulen

Bosch

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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5 mol% yttria-zirconia ceramic was studied for its use as solid electrolyte in high-temperature pH sensors since this material has interesting mechanical and ion-conducting properties and is available on an industrial scale. However, although its fracture mode in air is transgranular, some batches showed severe intergranular cracking in the working medium, water at 300 °C. In a previous study, it was found that the degradation could be related to the stress caused by the martensitic transformation of intergranular tetragonal precipitates. The aim of present study was to prove this assumption by experiment. To simulate the effect of transforming grain boundary precipitates, a nearly precipitate free material was subjected to an externally applied stress while exposed to 300 °C water. It was found that this also led to degradation by intergranular fracture. This proved the effect of tensile stress, but it also showed that the occurrence of intergranular fracture cannot be attributed solely to the location of the transforming precipitates at the grain boundaries. In an attempt to find the cause of the stress-induced intergranular fracture, 8 mol% yttria-zirconia was tested as well but this material showed only transgranular fracture. As a possible explanation, it is suggested that the occurrence of intergranular fracture in the 5 mol% yttria ceramic is not a property of the pure yttria-zirconia system but that sintering additives or impurities, segregated at the grain boundaries, could be the cause. However, examination of such segregation was not foreseen in the present study. Nevertheless, based on the present results it is thought that it should be possible to reduce degradation by a strict decrease of the amount and size of the intergranular tetragonal precipitates.

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Design and testing of electrochemical oxygen sensors for service in liquid lead alloys

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Application of Electromotive Force Measurement in Nuclear Systems Using Lead Alloys

Application of Electromotive Force Measurement in Nuclear Systems Using Lead Alloys

Low Temperature Performance of LBE Oxygen Sensors with Different Reference Electrodes

Stress-induced degradation of 5 mol% yttria–zirconia in water at 300 °C

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