Mathematical modeling and the development of predictive dynamic models are of paramount importance for the optimization, state estimation, and control of bioprocesses. This study is dedicated to the identification of a simple model of microalgae growth under substrate limitation, i.e., Droop model, and describes the design and instrumentation of a lab-scale flat-plate photobioreactor, the associated on-line and off-line instrumentation, the collection of experimental data, and the parameter identification procedure. In particular, a dedicated methodology for parameter identification is discussed, including the determination of an initial parameter set using an analytical procedure, the selection of a cost function, the evaluation of confidence intervals as well as direct and cross-validation tests.