Design and test of a new flow calorimeter for online detection of geothermal water heat capacity

Experimental Vapor-Pressures and Derived Thermodynamic Properties of Geothermal Fluids from Baden-Baden Geothermal Field (Southeastern Germany)

“…The application of geothermal fluids for providing direct heat and for electricity generation requires reliable thermodynamic and transport property data which would determine the energy input of the plant, as was demonstrated in previous studies [13][14][15]. The total heat content (energy amount) of the geothermal fluid is dependent on its density, temperature, and heat capacity, as reported by Schröder et al [10][11][12]. Imprecise knowledge of the geothermal water properties (isobaric heat capacity) leads to inaccurate knowledge of the geothermal water heat content, and in turn to incorrect knowledge of the heat input to geothermal power plants.…”

“…In order to utilize the geothermal resources as efficiently and economically as possible, and to ensure minimum disruption to the environment, modeling of the geothermal systems (multi-phase underground flows, phase transition processes in different reservoir zones, reservoir installations and wells, and geothermal engineering) is required, which in turn requires precise thermo-physical property data [8,9]. Modeling of the geothermal system assists in determining its natural (prior to exploration) state and its behavior under exploration [5][6][7][10][11][12]. The application of geothermal fluids for providing direct heat and for electricity generation requires reliable thermodynamic and transport property data which would determine the energy input of the plant, as was demonstrated in previous studies [13][14][15].…”

“…The present paper reports the continuation of the study on the thermodynamic and transport properties of these natural geothermal fluids. A detailed review of the previous studies on the properties of geothermal brines was provided in the recent publications by our research group [24][25][26] (see also, Schrüder et al [10][11][12]). Limited thermodynamic property data for natural geothermal brines have been published so far.…”

“…Most of the reported data are for the geothermal brines having only binary or ternary aqueous salt solutions as their main components (basically for the synthetic geothermal brines). Schrüder et al [10][11][12] proposed in-situ measurement techniques for the accurate measurement of the key physico-chemical properties of natural thermal water, such as isobaric heat capacity, density, and kinematic viscosity, at plant operating conditions, thereby avoiding the risk of changes in the water composition as a consequence of sample collection. Owing to the scarcity of data on the thermodynamic properties of geothermal fluids, an approach different from the one used previously for estimating these properties was adopted in certain studies [21,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Performance Analysis on the Optimum Control of a Calorimeter with a Heat Recovery Unit for a Heat Pump

“…Nonetheless, research on innovative ways to improve the energy efficiency of calorimeters is infrequent in literature. A flow calorimeter was developed by Schroder et al [30], which was able to get rid of the hypothesis used in determining the specific heat capacity of geothermal water flow. Rodolfo et al [31] also used a predictor-based control technique to enhance the performance of a compressor calorimeter.…”