Selective crystallization offers new opportunities for
separating
neodymium and dysprosium, which are considerably important in permanent
magnets. Two water-soluble nitrogen-rich tetrazolate-based ligands,
dtp2– (H2dtp = 2,3-di-1H-tetrazol-5-ylpyrazine) and H2ibt– [H3ibt = 4,5-bis(tetrazol-5-yl)imidazole], allow the separation
of Nd3+ and Dy3+ through selective crystallization.
The reactions of Ln3+ with the ligand Na2(dtp)·2H2O lead to two distinct phases, Na[Ln(dtp)(H2O)8](dtp)·H2O (Lndtp1; Ln = La–Pr)
and [Ln(H2O)8](Hdtp)(dtp)·H2O (Lndtp2; Ln = Nd and Sm–Lu). Three different
compound types, [Ln(H2ibt)2(H2O)6](H2ibt)·3(H2O) (Lnibt1; Ln = La or Ce), [Ln(H2ibt)(H2O)7](H2ibt)2·4(H2O) (Lnibt2; Ln = Pr or Nd), and [Ln(Hibt)(H2ibt)(H2O)4]·4+x(H2O) (Lnibt3; Ln = Sm–Lu), are obtained from reacting Ln3+ and
Na(H2ibt)·3(H2O). Two different phases
are observed for Nd(Lnibt2) and Dy(Lnibt3) in the system of H2ibt–, which leads
to crystallization-based separation of Nd/Dy with a separation factor
of 32 ± 0.7, 10 times higher than that of dtp2–, and a short separation time of 20 s (1 day for dtp2–). The higher performance of H2ibt– compared
to that of dtp2– provides guidance for the rational
design of water-soluble tetrazolate-derived ligands for selective
crystallization.