“…The CEP‐based small molecules, such as CEP03, were synthesized in the laboratory from commercially available starting materials12, 13 and reconstituted in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). These small molecules were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: hydrogen 1 ( 1 H) nuclear magnetic resonance (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 9.92 (s, 1 H), 6.58 (m, 1 H), 5.95 (m, 1 H), 5.81 (m, 1 H), 2.86 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2 H), 2.58 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2 H); mass spectrometry (electrospray ionization): m/z 138.3 [M−H] − .…”