Design and Synthesis of Hierarchical Materials from Ordered Zeolitic Building Units

Kirschhock, Christine; Kremer, Sebastien; Vermant, Jan; Tendeloo, Gustaaf Van; Jacobs, Pierre; Martens, Johan A.

doi:10.1002/chem.200401329

Cited by 110 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Fe-ZSM-5, X zeolite) have been successfully synthesized and used in chemical processes [31,35], understanding the formation mechanism of zeolite is still all-important for the rational design and synthesis of new zeolites. Several assembly mechanisms have been proposed by scientists since the 1960s [45], including the growth from soluble and pre-assembled units [46][47][48], the autocatalytic nucleation [49,50] and solidliquid interfacial nucleation mechanism [51,52] etc. However, it's very difficult to study the detailed formation mechanism of zeolite due to the extreme complexity of hydrothermal crystallization [51].…”

Section: Uv Raman Spectroscopic Study On the Synthesis Mechanism Of Zmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Catalysts and Catalytic Active Sites

et al. 2014

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UV Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique in catalysis because it can avoid the fluorescence interference occurring in visible Raman spectroscopy and concurrently enhance the Raman scattering intensity owing to the short wavelength of the excitation laser and resonance Raman effect. This article briefly reviews the recent advances in the study on heterogeneous catalysis by UV Raman spectroscopy, including the identification of isolated transition metal ions in molecular sieves, in situ study of zeolite assembly mechanisms and catalytic reaction mechanisms, and the monitoring of the surface phase transformation of metal oxide photocatalysts. UV (resonance) Raman spectroscopy, with the power of resonance enhancement for Raman signal and the advantage of high sensitivity for surface structure, coupling with in situ methodology, can provide the information about the active sites/phase and their assembling mechanisms, which are helpful for the understanding of heterogeneous catalysis and the rational design of highly active and selective catalysts.

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Section: Uv Raman Spectroscopic Study On the Synthesis Mechanism Of Zmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Catalysts and Catalytic Active Sites

et al. 2014

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] The majority of this research effort has focused on the study of one or two industrially important zeolite systems (silicalite/ZSM-5 (MFI) and zeolite A(LTA)) from clear (dilute) solutions and has led to some important observations being made and an improved understanding of zeolite selfassembly. [6][7][8] However, the question remains as to whether the observations made in these studies are more widely applicable to Received: January 3, 2011 Revised:…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing ZnAPO-34 Self-Assembly Using Simultaneous Multiple in Situ Techniques

et al. 2011

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The hydrothermal crystallization of ZnAPO-34 (CHA) molecular sieves has been studied for the first time using a combined in situ four technique setup utilizing SAXS/WAXS/XAFS/Raman to follow the various steps that occur during the complex transformation process of an amorphous precursor gel into a crystalline microporous material. These data are also supported by a detailed characterization of both the precursor gel (using Raman, NMR, XAFS, and TEM) and the final crystalline material (NMR, XRD, XAFS, TEM, and energy minimization calculations). Thus, all components during the various stages of reaction have been studied allowing for fundamental insight from the atomic/molecular level up to the bulk scale. On the basis of this multitechnique approach, the following observations are made: (i) The initial formation of a heterogeneous gel containing predominantly separate Al−O−P and Zn−O−P containing species as well as the presence of particles with a broad size distribution were noted. (ii) During sample heating, the SAXS data reveal a second population (14−16 nm) at the onset of crystallization, which were also accompanied by changes in both the ZnO3−O−O3P environment (XAFS) and the template conformer state (Raman). (iii) Before crystallization, Zn2+ species appear heterogeneously distributed throughout the sample, but in the final crystalline CHA phase Zn2+, it is much more homogeneously distributed. One template molecule is found per CHA cage. (iv) Zn2+ is found to promote nano particle growth and that results in the production of increasing amounts of crystalline material. (v) The structure-directing effect of Zn2+ ions leading to CHA formation is most likely initiated via an electrostatic interaction between Zn2+ in a Zn−O−P−O−Al−O−P matrix and the TEA template.

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“…The earlier works dealing with bottomup techniques described the development of microporousmesoporous composites [312,313] in which smaller building units such as for example nanosized zeolite crystals [263,264,314] may be employed as the primary building blocks, which 18 ISRN Nanotechnology upon self-assembly will give rise to the hierarchical structure.…”

Section: Synthesis and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ordered Porous Nanomaterials: The Merit of Small

Murcia

2013

ISRN Nanotechnology

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This paper will introduce the reader to some of the “classical” and “new” families of ordered porous materials which have arisen throughout the past decades and/or years. From what is perhaps the best-known family of zeolites, which even now to this day is under constant research, to the exciting new family of hierarchical porous materials, the number of strategies, structures, porous textures, and potential applications grows with every passing day. We will attempt to put these new families into perspective from a synthetic and applied point of view in order to give the reader as broad a perspective as possible into these exciting materials.

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Design and Synthesis of Hierarchical Materials from Ordered Zeolitic Building Units

Cited by 110 publications

References 49 publications

UV Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Catalysts and Catalytic Active Sites

UV Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Catalysts and Catalytic Active Sites

Probing ZnAPO-34 Self-Assembly Using Simultaneous Multiple in Situ Techniques

Ordered Porous Nanomaterials: The Merit of Small

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