Carbohydrate–protein
interactions play key roles in a wide
variety of biological processes. These interactions are usually weak,
with dissociation constants in the low millimolar to high micromolar
range. Nature uses multivalency to reach high avidities via the glycoside
cluster effect. Capitalizing on this effect, numerous synthetic multivalent
glycoconjugates have been described and used as ligands for carbohydrate-binding
proteins. However, valency is only one of the several parameters governing
the binding mechanisms that are different for every biological receptor,
making it almost impossible to predict. In this context, ligand optimization
requires the screening of a large number of structures with different
valencies, rigidities/flexibilities, and architectures. In this article,
we describe a screening platform based on a glycodendrimer array and
its use to determine the key parameters for high-affinity ligands
of lectin. Several glycoclusters and glycodendrimers displaying varying
numbers of α-N-acetylgalactosamine residues
were covalently attached on glass slides, and their bindings were
studied with the fluorophore-functionalized Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) used as a lectin model. This technique requires
minimal quantities of glycoconjugate compared to those for other techniques
and affords useful information on the binding strength. Building of
the glycodendrimer array and quantification of the interactions with
HPA are described.